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Fermentation What if there’s not enough oxygen? • Fermentation is the process of converting energy from glucose when there’s not enough oxygen = anaerobic • Less energy is produced and glycolysis continues producing ATP • Lactic acid or alcohol are also produced. • Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of your cells. Quick Energy • Cells contain small amounts of energy (ATP) produced during cellular respiration • After a few seconds, stored ATP runs out • Lactic fermentation makes about 90 seconds worth of energy – but then you’ll owe a big oxygen debt • Heavy breathing after exercise is necessary to take in more oxygen Long-term Energy • Cellular respiration is the only way to generate a continuing supply of ATP • Cell respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation, but it is steady • After 15-20 minutes of activity, the body starts to break down fats and other stored molecules for energy – results in weight loss Lactic Acid Fermentation – Strenuous exercise: When you exercise vigorously, your muscles run low on oxygen, so you begin to convert energy from pyruvic acid after glycolysis of glucose without enough oxygen. As a result of fermentation, lactic acid forms and makes your muscles cramp. C6H12O6 + low O2 glucose CO2 + lactic acid + energy carbon dioxide Alcohol Fermentation – Yeast and some bacteria do not have mitochondria, so they use alcohol fermentation to break down pyruvic acid from glycolysis. – Bread: Yeast break down pyruvic acid after glycolysis of glucose in the flour to release energy. As a result of fermentation, alcohol is released into the air and carbon dioxide bubbles make the bread rise. C6H12O6 + low O2 glucose CO2 + alcohol + energy carbon dioxide Fermentation C6H12O6 + low O2 sugar oxygen (glucose) CO2 + waste + energy carbon dioxide • Requirements: – C6H12O6 – organic sugar that comes from digested food eaten – Low O2 – oxygen is in low supply or not there at all • Products: – CO2 – carbon dioxide is released – Waste– alcohol, or lactic acid in humans, is released as a waste product – Energy – chemical ATP energy is released Energy & Exercise Review • For a few seconds of intense activity, your body uses small amounts of ATP stored from glycolysis and cellular respiration. • After a few seconds, your body uses ATP from lactic acid fermentation, but only lasts 90 seconds. • For longer activities, your body uses ATP from cellular respiration breaking down glycogen (carbohydrate) stored in your muscles and tissues, but only lasts 15-20 minutes. • For long activities, your body breaks down other stored molecules, such as fats. Let’s Compare all 3! Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Fermentation C6H12O6 + low O2 CO2 + waste + energy