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Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate What determines climate? • __________ is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. • __________ describes the weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. • Climate is usually determined by ___________ and ____________. • Temperature ranges include all of the temperatures in an area, from the __________ extreme to the _________ extreme, and they are used to describe __________. • ____________ patterns over time, rather than average precipitation, are used to determine __________. 1 Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate How is the sun’s energy related to Earth’s climate? • _________ is directly related to the amount of energy from the _____, or ________ energy, that an area receives. • The amount of solar energy depends on _________. • __________ is a location’s angular distance in degrees north or south from the __________. • Solar energy powers the _______ ________ and winds, which affect the temperature, _____________, and other factors that determine climate. • As _________ increases, the angle of the sun’s rays becomes greater. This reduces ____________. • Locations near the poles are ________ than locations near the __________. 2 Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate • The sun powers the water cycle, which causes the ____________, ______________, and ______________ necessary to create weather. • Uneven heating of Earth’s surface by the sun causes differences in ____ __________, which create winds. • The ________, __________, ____________, and __________ ________ of winds affect the climate and weather. How do Earth’s features affect climate? • Surface features on Earth combine to form the _____________ of an area. • __________ is the height of an area above sea level. • _____________ influences wind patterns in an area. 3 Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate • A ______ ___________ happens when warm, moist air rises over a mountain and drops its precipitation on one side, leaving the other side ______. • Air at higher elevations ______, cools, and ________, resulting in lower _______________. How do large bodies of water affect climate? • ______ absorbs and releases energy as heat more slowly than ________ does. • Water can moderate ____________ of nearby land. • Locations inland from large bodies of _______ experience wider temperature ___________. How do ocean currents affect climate? • An ________ __________ is the movement of water in a certain direction. 4 Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate • ________ _________ are ocean currents on the surface of the ocean. • _______ currents cool the air in coastal areas. • ________ currents warm the air in coastal areas. • Ocean currents cause the coasts of Canada and Great Britain to have different _________. What are the three major climate zones? • Earth has three major climate zones: _________, ___________, and _______. • These different climates result from differences in topography, ______, ocean currents, and _______________. • Temperate climates have average temperatures below _____ °C in the coldest months and above ______ °C in the warmest months. 5 Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate • There are five temperate zone subclimates: marine _______ coast, _________, humid ___________, humid ___________, and M_____________. • The polar zone is located at latitudes greater than 66.5 degrees in both the ___________ and ___________ hemispheres. • Temperatures in the polar zone rarely rise above ___ °C. • The climates of the polar regions are called _______ _______. Subclimates include the subarctic, _______, and polar ice cap climates. • _________ _______ are characterized by high temperatures and are located near the equator. • Average monthly temperatures are at least ____ °C. 6 Unit 5 Lesson 6 Climate • Subclimates include the _____ _________, desert climates, and _________ climates. 7