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Opera • Drama set to music • Acted and sung by solo singers (and often a chorus) accompanied by an orchestra. • In some operas there are sections of spoken dialogue; in others, every word is sung • Major types – Comic opera (opera buffa) – Serious opera (opera seria) – Music drama Recitative • A means of swiftly telling the story • Two kinds – Secco: supported by plain chords on continuo – Stromentato/accompagnato: used when a composer felt that the dramatic nature of the words needed to be heightened by a simple orchestral accompaniment Aria • Used to portrayed the characters’ thoughts and emotions as they were affected by events in the story • Scarlatti designed the arias in his operas in da capo (ABA) form – only the first two sections written out • Vocal decorations were expected to in the repeat of the first section Opera in Italy • Italian overture – Alessandro Scarlatti’s opera often began with an overture in three sections – quick-slow-quick – It was the seed from which the Classical symphony was to grow later on • Da Capo Aria Opera in France • Lully and Rameau • French Overture – Use by Lully to began his opera – Began with a majestic, slow opening with crisp dotted rhythm – Leading to a quicker section using imitation – Sometimes followed by one or more dances, or perhaps a repeat of the slow opening section. Opera in England • Henry Purcell – Dido and Aeneas • Handel • http://www.baroque-music.com