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1 Semester Exam Study Guide Key Signature Chart: Major Minor Sharps # Flats b C G A E none 1 F# none none D B 2 F# C# none A E F# C# 3 F# C# G# 4 F# C# G# D# none none B G# 5 F# C# G# D# A# none F# D# 6 F# C# G# D# A# E# none Gb Eb none 6 Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Db Ab Bb F none none 5 Bb Eb Ab Db Gb 4 Bb Eb Ab Db Eb C none 3 Bb Eb Ab Bb F G D none none 2 Bb Eb 1 Bb C A none none Rhythms: The following chart shows how these notes relate to one another: Time Signatures: The following are the most common time signatures in music: 4/4, 3/4, 2/4, 6/8, 12/8, and 9/8. The top number represents how many beats there are per measure and the bottom number represents what note gets the beat. For example: In 6/8, the top number, 6, means that there are 6 beats per measure. The bottom number, 8, means that the eighth note gets the beat. 2 Musical Terminology: The following are the most common musical terms found in music. A tempo: Accelerando: Adagio: Allegro: Andante: Atonality: Col legno: Con Fuoco: Con Sordino: Concerto: Crescendo: Da Capo: Dal Segno: Decrescendo: Detache: Diminuendo: Lento: Quartet: Sequence: Slur: Symphony: Tie: Vivace: Return to the original tempo Getting faster Slow Fast A walking tempo Music without a tonal center To play with the stick of the bow With fire With mute A composition for a soloist and an orchestra Gradually getting louder Go back to the top Go back to the sign Gradually getting softer Detached style of bowing Diminishing in sound Very slow A small chamber ensemble consisting of four players Restatement of an idea or motive at a different pitch level Connects two or more notes of a different pitch A composition written for orchestra Connects two or more notes of the same pitch Lively Musical Time Periods and the Composers: Medieval: 500 – 1450 Renaissance: Baroque: Classical: Romantic: Contemporary: 1450 – 1600 1600 – 1750 1750 – 1820 1820 – 1900 1900 – Present Local Musicians: DeAnn Letourneau Ian Long Moonlight Tran Paul Firak Janis Mckay Beth Lano Nathan Swain Zachary Jackson Most music was not written down during this period. Typical music during this time was in the Catholic Church, such as the Gregorian Chant. Byrd, Monteverdi, Palestrina Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Purcell, Corelli, Teleman Mozart, Haydn, Salieri Chopin, Rossini, Schubert, Brahms, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Copeland, Mahler, Stravinsky, Shostakovich, Barber Violin Viola Cello Bass Bassoon French Horn Oboe Tuba 3