Download Transistors_FPGAs_ASICs

From Silicon to Microelectronics
Yahya Lakys
EE & CE 200 Fall 2014
Outline
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Introduction
How Transistors Work ?
Logic Gates
FPGA & ASIC
New Trending Technologies
Introduction
Syllabus
Microelectronics
How Does a Transistor Work?
• Semiconductor, Silicon and transistors
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcrBqCFLHIY
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Digital Logic Gates
Digital Logic Function
Product AND (&)
Sum OR (|)
3 Inputs
Black Box
Truth Table
SUM of PRODUCTS
Boolean Logic Minimisation
Connect Standard Logic Chips
Very Simple Glue Logic
FIXED Logic
Transistor Switches
[email protected]
Integrated Circuits
Standard Cells
Programmable Logic Devices PLDs
Un-programmed State
Planes of
ANDs, ORs
Different Types
 SUM of PRODUCTS
 Prefabricated
 Programmble Links
 Reconfigurable
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Logic Function
Inputs
Sums
ANDs
OR
Programmed PLD
Product Terms
Sum of Products
Source :
[email protected]
How can we make a
“programmable logic”?
• SRAM-based (Memory)
• Reconfigurable
• Track latest SRAM technology
• Volatile
• Generally high power
• Anti-fuse technique
• One-time programmable
• Non-volatile – security app.
Field Programmable Gate Arrays FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array
• ‘Simple’ Programmable Logic Blocks
• Massive Fabric of Programmable
Interconnects
FPGA – Look Up Table
LUT contains Memory Cells to implement small logic functions
• Each cell holds ‘0’ or ‘1’ .
• Programmed with outputs of Truth Table
• Inputs select content of one of the cells as output
Logic Blocks
Larger Logic Functions built up by connecting many Logic Blocks together
Circuit Compilation
Routing Example
FPGA
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Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASIC
Designed for a specific use or application
NRE – Non Recurrent Engineering
Cost
High volume products
ASIC Design Flow
ASIC vs FPGA
Moore’s Law
New Trending Technologies
• Technology shrinking bottleneck
• Leakage issues
New Trending Technologies
• Carbon nanotubes
• Magnetic devices
• Graphene
Thank you!
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