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Transcript
Chapter 3 Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Select and install network cards to meet network connection requirements Connect a media converter Select and install appropriate networking hardware Select the appropriate device to connect two networks Identify networking and internetworking devices by name or sight (adapters, hubs, bridges, routers, switches) 3.1 How NIC How do you connect to a wired network? do you connect to a wireless network? WLAN NIC Both connect devices to the network Converts digital to analog/analog to digital Modulate/demodulate Connects you to the Internet through the ISP Cable modem, DSL modem, Dial-up modem SFP Used on routers & switches to convert media type GBIC Larger sized Layer 1 device Converts signal type Ethernet to fiber, for example Used to identify frame Each host has a unique address Burned into NIC hardware 48-bits / 12 hex digits / 6 bytes 1st 24 bits OUI; 2nd 24 bits serial # Written 0xA4 as 0x One to one communication One to all in a network Dest. MAC address will be all F’s DHCP & ARP use broadcasts One to a group in a network Remote gaming or video conference Dest. IP will be 224.0.0.0 -239.255.255.255 Dest. MAC will begin with 01-00-5E How 48 bits How first 6 hex digits are what? The OUI The many hex digits? 12 The many bits in a MAC address? OUI would then be the 1st ____ bytes. 3 What important addresses are encapsulated into a frame? Source & destination MAC What kind of message gets sent from one PC to a group within a network? Multicast Identify each as unicast, multicast, or broadcast: Works within your network LAYER 3 SOURCE IP: 192.168.1.1 LAYER 2 SOURCE MAC: AAA DEST. MAC: DESTINATION IP: 192.168.1.2 SOURCE IP: 192.168.1.1 DATA DEST. IP: 192.168.1.2 DATA Each device has an ARP table of IP/MACs Added from communication Added from ARP requests Without a dest. MAC, an ARP request is sent ARP request is all F’s in what field? Destination MAC How Broadcast Who is an ARP request sent? replies to the ARP request? Only one with matching dest. IP Windows Arp –a TestOut 3.1.3- Select & Install a Network Adapter 3.1.4- Connect a Media Converter 3.1.5- Quiz Labs Handout- Fill out MAC address Chart 3.2 Simple Layer 1 device Extends network Data goes in one port & out all others No thinking involved Relies on devices to decide on message Creates more network traffic Not used anymore Separates segments Layer 2 device Looks at dest. MAC to decide if data should cross or not Less traffic Converts wired to wireless Layer 2 device Reads dest. MAC Data enters a port, then sent out the one port Smarter than bridge Knows MAC address on each port MAC Address Table MAC addresses added Packaged into a FRAME Sent to exact port This basic device extends the network, as it does not segment it. Which current networking devices receives data and sends it out a single port based on MAC addresses? Layer 1 What layer does a switch work at? Switch What layer does a hub work at? Hub Layer 2 A switch builds & maintains what? MAC address table Allows wireless devices to connect to wired network Uses radio waves Like a hub as signal goes to all; dest. MAC accepts Like a bridge to connect to wired network WAP reads MAC if you use MAC Filtering TestOut 3.2.3- Install a Hub 3.2.4- Select a Networking Device 3.2.5- Quiz Interactive Packet Activity (together) Tracer Lab View MAC address tables Draw network from MAC address table 3.3 Each network has a unique set of IP addresses To connect different networks, you need a router What layer do routers work at? 3- Network Layer What addresses do routers read? Connects different networks Reads destination IP addresses Directs packets to networks Doesn’t care about specific PC’s Have one or more network interfaces Has a table of networks & which interfaces for data to go out to get to those networks Routing table Usually at the end of your network But can be found throughout the inside of your network Protect network from unauthorized access Decides what can enter/leave network Can check packets for source/dest. address Hardware Firewall A device or integrated in a router Placed between your network & Internet Still use PC firewall for extra security Combines functions of a switch & router Switch that also looks at the destination IP To find the MAC address of a device within your network… ARP request sent as a broadcast DOES NOT GO OUTSIDE A NETWORK Includes the IP of the destination Every NIC looks at it; only one with that IP will respond with its MAC address If destination IP is outside of network, it gets sent to the default gateway address Router port to get out of the network PC 1 192.168.1.110 AA-AA-AA-AA-AAAA R1 192.168.1.1 11-11-11-11-11-11 R2 172.16.1.99 22-22-22-22-2222 Web Server 172.16.1.99 AB-CD-EF-1234-56 PC 2 192.168.1.111 BB-BB-BB-BB-BBBB FTP Server 192.168.1.9 CC-CC-CC-CC-CCCC Destination IP NEVER changes! Source & Destination MAC changes at each router interface You don’t know the destination MAC ARP can’t be sent outside of the network The DG’s MAC address is substituted TestOut 3.3.3 Select a Router Lab 3.3.4 Quiz What addresses do you need to communicate? Source & Destination IP and MAC What specific addresses do routers read? Destination IP To communicate outside of your network, each PC needs this address configured. Default gateway What is the default gateway? Router port you connect to (way out of your network) When communicating within your network segment, how does a device find the destination MAC? ARP request What device inspects packets and protects the network from unauthorized access? Firewall What device combines layer 2 & 3 functionality? Layer 3 switch Chapter 3