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BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE
APPLICATION
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering Degree in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
by
SRINATH.G (Reg. No. 3014220)
SRINIVAS SAIPRASAD.S (Reg. No. 3014221)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI,
CHENNAI – 600119. TAMILNADU.
MARCH 2017
i
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai - 600 119
www.sathyabamauniversity.ac.in
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Project Report is the bonafide work of SRINATH.G (Reg.
No. 3014220) and SRINIVAS SAIPRASAD (Reg. No.3014221) who carried out the
project entitled “BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE
APPLICATION” under our supervision from September 2016 to March 2017.
Internal Guide
XXXXXX
Head of the Department
XXXXXX
Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on_____________________
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
ii
DECLARATION
We SRINATH.G (Reg. No. 3014220) and SRINIVAS SAIPRASAD (Reg. No.3014221)
hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “BRIDGELESS BOOST
RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATION” done by us under the
guidance of XXXXXX is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical and Electronics.
1.
2.
DATE:
PLACE:
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and elation that accompany the successful completion of
any task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who have made it
possible. It is our great privilege to express our gratitude and respect to all those
who have guided us and inspired us during the course of our project work.
First and foremost, we would express our sincere gratitude to our beloved
Founder Chancellor Col. Dr. JEPPIAAR, M.A., B.L., Ph.D., Chancellor
Thirumathi.
REMIBAI
JEPPIAAR
and
also
thank
our
Directors
Dr. MarieJohnson, B.E., M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D and Dr. Mariazeena Johnson,
B.E., M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D for providing us the necessary facilities for the
completion of our project. We also acknowledge our Vice Chancellor
Dr. B.
Sheela Rani, M.S (By Research)., Ph.D. for her constant support and
endorsement.
We would like to express our gratitude to our Registrar Dr. S. S. Rau., Ph.D
and Controller of Examinations Dr. K. V. Narayanan., Ph.D for providing us the
necessary facilities for the completion of our project.
We like to express our gratitude to XXXXXX Dean, School of Electrical and
Electronics and XXXXXX Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Sathyabama University for having been a constant source of support
and encouragement for the completion of the project.
We would also like to express our sincere thanks to our internal guide of the
project XXXXXX, for her constant guidance and supervision during the period of
our project work and for providing us the necessary technical inputs for the
completion of our project.
iv
ABSTRACT
In this project, a single-stage ac–dc power electronic converter is proposed
to efficiently manage the energy harvested from electromagnetic microscale and
mesoscale generators with low-voltage outputs. The proposed topology combines
a boost converter and a buck-boost converter to condition the positive and
negative half portions of the input ac voltage, respectively. Only one inductor and
capacitor are used in both circuitries to reduce the size of the converter.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER No.
TITLE
PAGE
No.
1
2.
3
ABSTRACT
v
LIST OF TABLES
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xi
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT
1
1.2
DC-DC CONVERTER
4
1.3
BUCK CONVERTER STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
4
1.4
TRANSITION BETWEEN CONTINUOUS AND
DISCONTINUOUS
6
1.5
VOLTAGE RATOP OF BUCK CONVERTER
7
1.6
BOOST CONVERTER STEP-UP CONVERTER
10
1.7
BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER
11
1.8
CONVERTER COMPARISON
13
1.9
CUK CONVERTER
13
1.10
ISOLATED DC-DC Converters
15
1.10.1 Flyback Converter
16
1.10..2 Forward Converter
17
BRIDGELESS PFC BOOST RECTIFIERS
21
2.1
INTRODUCTION
20
2.2
PROPOSED CIRCUIT AND WORKING PRINCIPLE
28
2.3
MODES OF OPERATION
39
SIMULATION
32
3.1
32
GENERAL
vi
CHAPTER No.
3.1.1
4
TITLE
PAGE No.
purpose of simulation
32
3.1.2
MATlab
32
3.2
SIMULATION DIAGRAM
33
3.3
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
35
3.3.1
35
Pluse width modulation inverter
3.3.2 Pwm generation technique
36
3.4
ADVANTAGES OF INVERTER
36
3.5
OBJECTIVE
37
HARDWARE BLOCK DESCRIPTION
38
4.1
GENERAL
38
4.2
BLOCK DIAGRAM
38
4.3
POWER SUPPLY
38
4.4
PERIPHERAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER
39
4.4.1
Driver unit
39
4.4.2
Pulse-width modulation
39
4.5
4.6
HARDWARE DISCRIPTION
40
4.5.1
Step down transformer
41
4.5.2
Rectifier unit
41
4.5.3
Filteration unit
42
4.5.4
Voltage regulators
42
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
43
4.6.1 High-performance risc cpu
43
4.6.2 Peripheral features
43
4.7
Analog Features
44
4.8
Special Microcontroller Features
44
4.9
CMOS Technology
44
4.10
VICE OVERVIEW
45
4.10.1 Vice overview
45
4.10.2 Memory organization
46
4.10.3 Program memory organization
46
vii
CHAPTER No.
PAGE No.
4.10.4 Data memory organization
47
I/O PORTS
48
4.11.1 Port a and the trisa Register
48
4.11.2 Port b and the trisa Register
48
4.11.3 Port c and the trisa Register
49
4.11.4 Port d and the trisa Register
50
4.11.5 Port e and the trisa Register
50
4.12
ALGORITHM
51
4.13
FLOW CHART
52
4.14
DRIVER CIRCUIT
53
4.14.1 Optocoupler
53
4.14.2 Darlington amplifier
55
MOSFET
56
4.15.1 Mosfet regions of operation
56
4.15.2 Diode
57
4.11
4.15
5
TITLE
CONCLUSION
58
REFERENCES
69
APPENDICES
61
viii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE No.
4.1
TITLE
PORTD Functions
PAGE No.
51
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE No.
TITLE
PAGE No.
1.1
General diagram of an electromagnetic micro generator
2
1.2
Conventional two-stage diode-bridge ac-dc converters
2
boost rectifier ,Buck-boost rectifier
1.3
Buck Converter
5
1.4
Voltage and current changes
5
1.5
Buck Converter at Boundary
7
1.6
Buck Converter - Discontinuous Conduction
8
1.7
Output Voltage vs Current
10
1.8
Boost Converter Circuit
11
1.9
Voltage and current waveforms
12
1.10
schematic for buck-boost converter
12
1.11
Waveforms for buck-boost converter
13
1.12
Comparison of Voltage ratio
14
1.13
CUK Converter
15
1.14
CUK ON-STATE
15
1.15
CUK OFF-STATE
15
1.16.(a)
Buck-Boost Converter
17
1.16.(b)
Replacing inductor by transformer
17
1.16.(c)
Fly back converter re-configured
18
1.17
Forward Converter
18
1.18
Forward converter with tertiary winding
19
2.1
basic bridgeless pfc boost rectifier
21
2.2
conventional pfc boost rectifier
22
2.3
Basic bridgeless pfc boost rectifier
23
3.1
simulation block diagram
34
3.2
Simulation circuit dig. and Simulation Output
35
3.3
PWN graph
37
4.1
Hardware Block diagram
39
4.2
POWER SUPPLU UNIT
41
4.3
pin diagram
46
x
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Lr
-
Resonant Inductor
Ls
-
Series Resonant Inductor
Cr
-
Resonant Capacitor
Cs
-
Series Resonant Capacitor
Cos
-
Power Factor
R
-
Resistance
Z
-
Impedance
XL
-
Inductance Reactance
Xc
-
Capacitive Reactance
Vc
-
Voltage across capacitor
Vin
-
Input voltage
Vout
-
Output voltage
Edc
-
Input DC voltage
iR
-
Current through the resistor
0
-
Resonant angular frequency
BJT
-
Bipolar Junction Transistor
BLDC
-
Brush Less Direct Current
EMC
-
Electro Magnetic Component
EMI
-
Electro Magnetic Interference
FBSR
-
Full Bridge Series Resonant
HBSR
-
Half Bridge Series Resonant
HF
-
High Frequency
IGBT
-
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
MOSFET
-
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
xi