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The Lets Speak Together project
Biodiversity
Martin Březina
Martin Fiala
Jiří Vahala
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
The meaning of "biodiversity"
The present state of biodiversity
The resolutions
Abundance
1. The meaning of biodiversity
• definition
• the importance
• the domino effect
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.1.1. The number of species on the Earth
•number of described species is 1.75 milion, the estimates of
all species move around 50 milions
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.1.2. The number of species in the Czech republic
Abundance
• biological term expressing the number of individuals of one
species
• two ways to get abundance
– measuring
– calculating and guessing
• we can‘t measure correctly at all cases
– we need to calculate it
• Ecological gradient
– Describes enviroment from the math point of view
– n-dimensional vector (PH, humidity, sea level, temeprature)
Abundance
• abundance on axis Y
• ecological gradient on axis X
• first model was Gaussian distribution
Abundance
•
better model is beta function
– extreme beta functionforabunadnce
• 𝑓 𝑥 =
•
𝛼
𝛼
∗
(𝛼+ 𝛾)
𝛾
𝛼
1−
(𝛼+ 𝛾)
∗
𝑥−𝑚
𝑟
+
𝛼
𝛼
(𝛼+ 𝛾)
∗ 1−
𝑥−𝑚
𝑟
where:
–
–
–
–
•
•
𝐴𝑚
Ammeans maximum abundance
m is the value of gradient, where the function has its peak f(m) = Am
rmeansrange (ecological valence) on ecological gradient
alfa and gamma influence thefunctionn‘scurve
no onespecieisn‘tmathematicallydescribed
simulationhelpsus to preciseourguess
+
𝛼
(𝛼+ 𝛾)
𝛾
Abundance
• Examples of Abundance:
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.2.1. The temperature changes – global aspect
•
the increase of the average temperature of 1.5 to 3.5 °C => 30%
to 70% of plants and animals might disappear
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.2.2. The temperature changes – Czech republic
The development of the average year temperature in the
Czech republic between the years of 1961-2008
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.3.1. The deforestation – global aspect
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.3.1. The deforestation – global aspect
2. The present state of biodiversity
2.3.2. The deforestation – Czech republic
2.2. The present state of biodiversity
2.4. Other problems
• desertification
– soil degradation
• the genetically
modifies plants
• water pollution
• excessive hunting
• expansion
of agricultural areas
• chemical
contamination of
soils and
soil organisms
3. The solutions
• to stop the deforestation
• to stop desertification
• to stop global warming
4. The future