* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Community Ecology Structure and Species Interaction
Survey
Document related concepts
Ecological fitting wikipedia , lookup
Introduced species wikipedia , lookup
Biodiversity wikipedia , lookup
Habitat conservation wikipedia , lookup
Island restoration wikipedia , lookup
Unified neutral theory of biodiversity wikipedia , lookup
Fauna of Africa wikipedia , lookup
Storage effect wikipedia , lookup
Occupancy–abundance relationship wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical ecology wikipedia , lookup
Reconciliation ecology wikipedia , lookup
Biodiversity action plan wikipedia , lookup
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Community Ecology Structure and Species Interaction Connor McNeil and Daniel Crawford Community Structure (aka Spatial Distribution) Described by: Physical Appearance: stratification, distribution, and relative sizes of population and species Species Diversity (Richness): number of different species Species abundance: number of individuals of each species Niche Structure: number of ecological niches, how the resemble of differ from each other and how they interact Difference in Physical Appearance Terrestrial biomes consist of vegetation patches Difference in size Leads to boundries: Sharp edges: distinct Ecotones: Wider, more gradual transition zones Distribution of Biodiversity • Highest Biodiversity in Tropical Rain Forests However, High Biodiversity and Low Species Abundance Latitude: Latitude species diversity gradient : greater diversity in tropics, least at poles (terrestrial systems) Depth: increases to 2,000m, then decreases, until ocean surface, which has high diversity (aquatic systems) Species Interaction Competition and Predation Intraspecific competition: members of the same species compete for resources Territoriality: Patrolling, marking, and/or defending home/nest/feeding sight Interspecific Competition: Competition between two or more species for resources Competition Interference Competition: one species limits another’s access to resources Exploitation Competition: species have equal access to resources, but vary in speed and efficiency of exploitation. Predator-Prey Relations Predator feed directly on Prey Individually harmful However, through predation, Prey species limited in abundance and increased access to food and genetic stock improved Use eyesight, speed, pack-hunting, etc Pursuit and ambush Prey Naturally avoid being EATEN!!! Speed, Detection, Protection, etc. Camouflage, Mimicry Chemicals: Poison, Irritation, Smell, Bad Taste Enlargement Symbiotic Species Both species helped: Parasitism* Lichens, Bacteria, Algae *Can be considered special type of predation Commensalism One species helped; one unaffected Ex: Raccoons and human garbage Sources http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexce l_pre_2011/environment/populationsandpyramidsrev5.sht ml http://i2.wp.com/naturalunseenhazards.files.wordpress.co m/2010/09/raccoons.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Y99pUdrfsQ/TASYkDVUQLI/AAAAAAAAAXE/KStyyjVahy8 /s1600/IMG_3981.JPG http://read.uconn.edu/PSYC3501/Lecture02/ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eucalyptus_forest _and_button_grassland.jpg http://www.life.illinois.edu/ib/453/