Download Cholesterol and Heart Disease - Pennington Biomedical Research

Cholesterol and Heart
Disease
Beth Kalicki
Heli J. Roy, PhD, RD
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Blood cholesterol levels correlate with
weight. However, lean individuals can
have high cholesterol levels.
 Blood cholesterol levels also correlate with
the diet. A diet high in saturated fat and
cholesterol increases blood cholesterol
level.
 Some individuals have high blood
cholesterol level due to genetics.

Cholesterol Trends
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
2



Cholesterol travels in
the bloodstream.
It is vital to the
functioning of the
human body.
It serves three main
functions:
◦ to make steroid hormones
◦ to produce bile acids
◦ it is a main component of
cell membranes and
structures.
Cholesterol in the Body
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
3






High level of blood cholesterol can cause
accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries.
There are no signs of accumulation at early
stages.
Build up of cholesterol leads to hardening of
arteries.
Hardening of arteries can lead to heart attack
and stroke.
Atherosclerosis can begin in childhood.
After age 20, it is recommended that blood
cholesterol levels be checked every five
years.
Development of Heart Disease
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
4
Cholesterol is made by the liver and is
also consumed in the diet.
 The intestinal track absorbs the
cholesterol from foods.
 Excess cholesterol that is not used for
hormone production accumulates in the
bloodstream and cells and can result in
cholesterol plaques.

Where Does Cholesterol Come
From?
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
5
Cholesterol Types:
There are 3 main types of cholesterol:
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
6
The Good
Cholesterol = HDL
Levels should be greater
than or equal to 60
mg/dL
The Bad
Cholesterol = LDL
Levels should be less
than 100 mg/dL
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
7
LDL cholesterol level is controlled by the
liver and the intestines.
 Consuming foods that are high in
cholesterol can increase cholesterol
absorption and blood cholesterol level.

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
8
HDL helps to remove cholesterol from the
body, which lowers the risk for heart
disease.
 HDL Cholesterol level that is <40 is a risk
factor for heart disease.
 HDL Cholesterol level that is > 60 is
cardio-protective.

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
9
To increase HDL Cholesterol:
 exercise regularly,
 maintain a healthy weight and BMI,
 avoid smoking,
 eliminate trans fats,
 increase the amount of monounsaturated fats,
 add soluble fiber to your diet (Ex: oats, fruits,
nuts), and
 have alcoholic drinks occasionally.
Ho to Improve High Density
Lipoprotein (HDL)
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
10
Cholesterol level guidelines for
children and adolescents (age 2 to 19):
Total Cholesterol:
 Acceptable range = less than 170 mg/dL
 Borderline range = 170 to 199 mg/dL
 High range = 200 or greater mg/dL
LDL Cholesterol:
 Acceptable range = less than 110 mg/dL
 Borderline range = 110 to 129 mg/dL
 High range = 130 or greater mg/dL
Cholesterol Guidelines for children
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
11
Cholesterol level guidelines for adults
(age 20 and older):


Total Cholesterol:
 Acceptable range = less than 200 mg/dL
 Borderline range = 200 to 239 mg/dL
High Range = greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL
LDL Cholesterol:
 Acceptable range = less than 100 mg/dL
 Borderline range = 130 to 159 mg/dL
 High range = 160 to 189 mg/dL
Extremely High Range = greater than or equal to 190
mg/dL
Cholesterol Guidelines for Adults
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
12
Limit foods that are high in saturated and
trans fats.
 Limit cholesterol intake to less than 300
mg daily.
 Substitute soy protein for animal protein
occasionally.
 Eat a diet that is rich in fiber and whole
grains. (The recommendation is to
consume 25 to 30 grams of fiber daily).

Reducing Blood Cholesterol Levels
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
13
Eat a diet that is low in cholesterol,
saturated fats, and free of trans fats
 Participate in moderate intensity exercise
at least 30 minutes a day
 Maintain healthy weight and BMI
 Get a periodic physical exam

Reducing Blood Cholesterol Levels
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
14
 Choose
 Choose
Margarine Over Butter
Whole Grain Bread
Rules
to Remember When Selecting
Foods:
 The
first ingredient listed on the Nutrition
Facts and Ingredients label is the one that is
used the most.
 Always try to choose foods that have fats and
oils listed later on in the ingredients label.
Dietary Recommendations
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
15





Encourage children to consume a variety
of fruits and vegetables.
Offer whole grain breads and cereals.
Help them choose low fat foods.
Help them maintain their weight within
normal range.
Make sure they get 60 minutes of physical
activity most days of the week.
Dietary Recommendations for Children
to Prevent High Cholesterol
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
16
Authors:
Beth Kalicki
Heli Roy, PhD, RD
Division of Education
Phillip Brantley, PhD, Director
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Steven Heymsfield, MD, Executive Director
The Pennington Biomedical Research Center is a world-renowned nutrition research center.
Mission:

To promote healthier lives through research and education in nutrition and preventive medicine.

The Pennington Center has several research areas, including:

Clinical Obesity Research

Experimental Obesity

Functional Foods

Health and Performance Enhancement

Nutrition and Chronic Diseases

Nutrition and the Brain

Dementia, Alzheimer’s and healthy aging

Diet, exercise, weight loss and weight loss maintenance

The research fostered in these areas can have a profound impact on healthy living and on the prevention of
common chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis.

The Division of Education provides education and information to the scientific community and the public about
research findings, training programs and research areas, and coordinates educational events for the public on
various health issues.

We invite people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in the exciting research studies being conducted at
the Pennington Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. If you would like to take part, visit the clinical trials web page
at www.pbrc.edu or call (225) 763-3000.

6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
17
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
American Diabetes Association. (2009). Diabetes, Cholesterol, and
Heart Disease. Fact Sheet. Retrieved August 13,2009, from
http://www.diabetes.org/utils/printthispage.jsp?PageID=
ALLABOUTDIABETES_253269
American Heart Association. (2009). About Cholesterol.
Cholesterol. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from
http://www.americanheart.org/print_presenter.
Jhtml?identifier=512
American Heart Association. (2009). Cholesterol: Welcome to the
first step for a healthy heart. Cholesterol. Retrieved August 13,
2009, from
http://www.americanheart.org/print_presenter.jhtml?identifier=
1516
American Heart Association. (2009). High Cholesterol Increases
Your Risk. Cholesterol. Retrieved August 13, 2009, from
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1502
American Heart Association. (2009). It’s Not Just a Man’s Problem.
Women and Cholesterol. Retrieved August 13, 2009, from
http://www.americanheart.org/print_presenter.jhtml?identifier=
185
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
18
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
American Heart Association. (2009). Learn The Facts. Cholesterol.
Retrieved August 13, 2009, from http://www.americanheart.org/
presenter.jhtml?identifier=3006030
American Heart Association. (2009). Start Healthy Habits Early. Children
and Cholesterol. Retrieved August 13, 2009, from
http://americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=211
Center For Disease Control. (2006). Cholesterol Fact Sheet. Fact Sheets
and At-A-Glance Reports. Retrieved August 18,2009, from
http://www.cdc.gov/
print.do?url=http://www.cdc.gov/DHDSP/library/fs_cholesterol.htm
Federal Citizen Information Center. (2009). What You Need to Know About
Cholesterol. Health. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from
http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfcholesterol08/focus.htm
Nazano, Brenda. (2009). High Cholesterol: Heart-Healthy Diet. Cholesterol
Management Guide. Retrieved August 13, 2009, from
http://webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/heart-healthydiet?print=true
6/12/2010
PBRC 2010
19