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Pneumonia PATIENT NAME ____________________________________ SOC _________ INITIAL Define pneumonia. ______ ______ A. It is an inflammation of the lung. ______ ______ B. The disease progresses from filling of the airways and air sacs to hardening of the lung tissue as exudate collects. ______ ______ C. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, aspiration, or radiation. Factors that increase risk. ______ ______ A. Smoking and air pollution. ______ ______ B. Upper-respiratory infection. ______ ______ C. Prolonged immobility. ______ ______ D. Malnutrition. ______ ______ E. Chronic diseases (diabetes, heart disease, cancer, renal disease, etc.). ______ ______ F. Exposure to intense cold, damp weather. ______ ______ G. Inhalation of noxious substances. ______ ______ H. Immunosuppressive drugs. ______ ______ I. Age (very young or very old). ______ ______ J. Frequent intoxication from alcohol. Signs and symptoms. ______ ______ A. Chest pain. ______ ______ B. Fever and chills. ______ ______ C. Cough (may be productive). ______ ______ D. Green, yellow, or rust-colored sputum. ______ ______ E. Malaise. ______ ______ F. Loss of appetite. ______ ______ G. Rapid pulse and respirations. ______ ______ H. Shortness of breath. ______ ______ I. Anxiety. Measures to prevent or manage pneumonia. ______ ______ A. Exercise moderately as tolerated with frequent rest periods. ______ ______ B. Prevent a reoccurrence of infection: ______ ______ 1. Avoid persons with upper-respiratory infections. ______ ______ 2. Get prompt treatment for early symptoms of infection. ______ ______ 3. Get influenza and pneumonia shots. ______ ______ C. Use a vaporizer or humidifier to prevent dryness. ______ ______ D. Drink two to three quarts of fluid daily to thin secretions and replace fluid loss unless contraindicated. ______ ______ E. Avoid the spread of infection: 1 Pneumonia PATIENT NAME ____________________________________ SOC _________ ______ ______ 1. Wash hands thoroughly. ______ ______ 2. Cover mouth with tissue when coughing. ______ ______ 3. Dispose of used tissues properly. ______ ______ F. Avoid smoking because it destroys ciliary action and increases secretions. ______ ______ G. Avoid excessive alcohol, which lowers resistance to infection. ______ ______ H. Perform coughing and deep-breathing exercises. (Give “Effective Coughing” teaching guide [14.6].) ______ ______ I. Take medications as ordered. ______ ______ J. Eat a well-balanced diet. ______ ______ K. Report continued symptoms or an increase of symptoms to physician. Possible complications. ______ ______ A. Pleural effusion. ______ ______ B. Collapsed lung. ______ ______ C. Lung abscess. ______ ______ D. Empyema (accumulation of purulent exudate). ______ ______ E. Meningitis, pericarditis, endocarditis. ______ ______ F. Arthritis. ______ ______ I. Septic shock. ______ ______ J. Congestive heart failure. 2