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WHH Study Guide for Unit 4: Qin and Han China, Mauryan and Gupta India, and Buddhism State Standards: 2(a), 2(d), 2(e); 4(b), 4(f); 5(d); 6(a); 7(e) People and Places Huang-di (“first emperor”) Liu Bang (Bio) First Han Emperor Confucius Biography (crime disappearing, etc) Beliefs - How could humans be perfected? Lao Zi - Dao De Ching - Beliefs Great Wall of China (purpose; expansion under Qin) Tomb of Shi Huang di - Terra Cotta soldiers - Location? Great Mauryan Kings - Chandragupta (accomplishments) - Ashoka (accomplishments) Siddhartha Guatama - Story of his youth Search for enlightenment Became “Buddha” (meaning what?) DBQ Skills - Document analysis - Organizing information - Creating thesis - Outlining / writing - Things Qin Dynasty Legalist dynasty Authoritarian dictatorship - Internal strategy to conquer - Built great wall, emperor’s tomb - Downfall of Qin Han Dynasty - Rebellion against Qin (Mandate of Heaven?) - Technological achievements “Silk Road” - Trade route westward - Traded envoys w/ Rome Han Dynasty Civil Service - Exam based on Confucian ideas - Ability, not merit, mattered Origins of Silk Mauryan Empire - What motivated it to form? - Fall of Mauryan Empire Mauryan culture - Religious tolerance - Treatment of caste - Primary religions? Gupta Dynasty - “Golden Age” of Hindu culture - Extent of Gupta rule - Decline / fall of Gupta Concepts 3 philosophies emerged to re-unify China, restore culture Confucianism - Education was key - Personal virtue important - Restore Chinese culture w/ 5 relationships - Teachings in Analects Legalism - Government and laws key - Duty to government revered Harsh punishments Applied in Qin Dynasty (results?) Daoism (“The Way”) - Personal reflection, balance key - Yin & Yang (represented what?) Three Philosophies in today’s China - Confucianism: personal virtue, gov’t cares for people - Daoism: individual freedom, hand’s off government - 3 Legalist ideas (rule of law, utilitarianism, uniformity) Buddhism Beliefs - Four Noble Truths (all life is…; cause of …end S & S by… End desire by… - Eightfold Path to Wisdom and the “Middle Way” - Goal = Nirvana - Other beliefs? Centralized Government of Han - Bureaucracy / civil service Key Questions For each of the Chinese philosophies we studied (Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism), you should be able to describe when and why it started (this answer will be the same for all three), identify three of the philosophy’s teachings or beliefs, and give one example of how the philosophy influences China, today. How did the Han dynasty attempt to unify their geographically large empire? Were they successful? Why or why not? Was Shi Huang di a positive or negative figure, in Chinese history? Be able to summarize the teachings of Buddhism, especially the way the Four Noble Truths lead to the Eightfold Path to the Middle Way and, ultimately, Nirvana. Discuss Ashoka’s rule. How did it change, midway through? Why? What did Ashoka do to demonstrate his new found devotion?