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Medicine and Drugs Notes Using Drugs Drugs are used to ______ body, treat sickness, but other purposes too. Examples: _________ and Painkillers- Legal Marijuana and ________- illegal Drugs and Food Food is ___ a drug. Though, many foods such as cola and chocolate contain drugs- caffeine. Ways to Take Drugs: Drugs can be taken orally: this means it can be taken through the _______. This is the _______ way to take drugs. Most drugs taken orally are pills, _________, tablets, or _______. When taken orally, the medicine is dissolved by the chemicals in the stomach and into the bloodstream. Drugs can be taken by _____________: drugs by injections are shots given to us by our doctor. A shot is given when the doctor wants the drug to act quickly, or if it won’t act properly taken orally. We inject drugs into our _________: arms, buttocks, or upper thigh. Injection is the fastest and most powerful way for a drug to reach the brain. Smoking: Some drugs are smoked- _______, marijuana, and crack cocaine. __________ in tobacco is the most common form of smoking a drug. When smoked, the drug is carried into the lungs and passed through tiny blood vessels into the bloodstream. ALL smoke contains poisonous substances. It can cause lung cancer, lung disease, emphysema, and much more. Inhaling Drugs: People who have asthma use an inhaler to breath in the drug. Each time the inhaler is pumped, a _________ amount of drug is released. Once it is inhaled in the lungs, then it is released into the bloodstream and carried by cells to where it is needed. Other examples of inhaling drugs: _______________, anesthetics at the doctor’s office. Inhalers are __________ way to deliver medicine when someone is wheezing. Asthma is common condition among all age groups of people. People with asthma usually carry an inhaler with them at all times. ________ borrow a friend’s inhaler, if you think you have asthma then see a doctor. Other Ways to Take Drugs Other Ways to take Drugs: transdermal _______- sticks to skin like a bandage, and medicine from patch is slowly released into the bloodstream from the patch. Ointments: are ________ topically to the skin and do not enter the bloodstream. Drops: for _____ and ears, do not enter the bloodstream. Drugs taken in more than one form: Drugs that can be taken in more than one form have different _________ on the body. Penicillin- can be taken orally, but when injected it has a much faster effect. Another example- nicotine- people can smoke a cigarette that contains nicotine, but people trying to quit smoking may wear a nicotine patch or chew nicotine gum . Using Drugs and Medicines Wisely What are Medicines? Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases, pain, injury, or other conditions. _____ medicines are drugs, but not _____ drugs are medicines. Food and Drug Administration Approve medicines based on the following steps to make sure they are safe and effective. Releasing Medicine to the Public: The FDA ____________ how consumers can obtain medicines. There are two ways. Prescription Medicines Medicines that are potentially harmful and very strong can only be sold with a written order from a physician. On a RX hard Copy there will be the following information: Patient’s name _______________ Doctor’s signature How to take the (medicine dosage) Prescription label: Patient’s name Directions for taking the medicine Name of the drug Doctor’s name ______________________ It is important to take medicine __________ as instructed. Taking too much can be harmful or taking too little can keep the medicine from working. Over-the-Counter Medication OTC medicines are ______ enough to be taken without a written order from a physician. There are over ____________ of OTC medicines. These medicines can cause harm though if not used as directed on the label. It is important to read OTC labels that provide information about ingredients, name and address of manufacturer, and the control number. Types of Medicines Most medicines are used to: prevent disease ______________ relieve pain Medicines to Prevent Diseases: __________ are used to prevent disease. A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that causes the immune system to produce _____________. Antibodies are proteins that attack and kill or disable specific germs that cause disease. Common Vaccines: Whooping cough ______________ Mumps Chicken Pox Hepatitis A and B Medicines to Fight Infection Many germs and diseases cannot be ___________ with vaccines. When you get sick from these germs/ diseases, antibiotics are needed to fight off certain types of bacteria. Antibiotics are medicines that __________ or______ harmful bacteria in the body. Penicillin is a highly effective antibiotic used. Medicines to Relieve Pain When the body aches, it sends messages along nerves and the _________________ to the brain. The role of pain medicines is to block these pains or lessen their effect. Aspirin is a commonly used pain medicine. Other Medicines There are varieties of medicines used to treat people with certain conditions or health problems (heart and blood pressure problems, diabetes, allergies, etc.) Medicine in the Body: The way medicine enters the body will have a different affect for the medicine. Medicines have different effects on different people. Side Effects Side effects: Some medicines in addition to their intended effect cause a side effect. A side effect is any __________ of a medicine other than the one intended. Common side effects: Headache _______________________ Drowsiness If you ever experience side effects talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Some side effects may be serious. Tolerance When medicines are used over a _____ period of time, people may develop tolerance to the medicine. Tolerance is a condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and _________ amounts of it in order for it to be __________. Mixing Medicines When two or more medicines are taken at the same time the effects can be dangerous. Possible effects: •Each medicine may have a stronger effect that it would have if taken _______. •The medicines may combine to produce unexpected effects. •One medicine may ________ out the expected effects of the other. Drug Misuse, Abuse, and Addiction Using Medicines Improperly Any use of a medicine that is different from its___________ use is drug misuse. Examples of drug misuse: •Not taking the medicine as instructed •Not finishing the medicine •Taking someone’s else prescription •Increasing the dose without your doctor’s permission Misuse can lead to ______________, drug abuse or addiction. When Does Misuse Become Abuse? Drug abuse is misusing a legal drug on _________ or using any illegal drug. Misuse often occurs when people take too much of a drug. When the person becomes used to the higher dosage, they crave more, leading to abuse. Why do people abuse drugs? •Feel __________ •Perform better What is Addiction? Drug addiction is the __________________ use of a drug. Someone addicted to a drug will continue to take it even if it is harming their health and relationships with others. If someone is addicted, they cannot control their use of a drug because they have become dependent on it. Dependence Dependence of a drug means needing it to___________ properly. If someone stops taking a drug they are dependent on, the person will have _____________. Withdrawals are __________symptoms that result when a drug-dependent person stops taking a drug. When a person abuses a drug long enough their body gets used to the drug, and form a dependence for it. There are two types of dependence: physical and psychological. Physical Dependence Is the body’s chemical need for a ______. If a person with physical dependence suddenly stops taking a drug, they will experience withdrawals. Withdrawals include: •Vomiting •Muscle and joint pain •________ •Chills •________ •And other symptoms Psychological Dependence A person’s _____________ or mental need for a drug. This person __________ the drug and feels they can’t get along without the drug. This can sometimes be harder to overcome than physical dependence. Psychological dependence includes: Sleepiness Nervousness Irritability ______________ Consequences of drug Abuse When people become addicted to drugs, relationships usually suffer. Problems with Family and Friends Drugs can cause changes in a person’s behavior. People using drugs are: •____________________ •have serious mood swing •can be difficult to talk too •have violent outbursts •become physically and verbally abusive •________________________ •care less about friends they shared these activities with Problems at School Most who abuse drugs do not care about their ___________ and lose interest in their education. Learning becomes difficult because they cannot _____________, or forget what happened in class day to day. Teens doing drugs stop doing homework and their grades begin to drop. They often skip school and school functions. Teens using drugs may __________ others from learning by misbehaving in class or getting in trouble with school authorities. Many teens addicted to drugs, drop out of school. Money Problems Drugs cost ________ Abusing drugs is expensive. When drug addiction gets worse and the more drugs a person needs the more money they need as well. People who abuse drugs and need to fix their addiction will do anything for money: lie, cheat, harm others, borrow, _______, from family, friends, and even strangers. Health Problems Drug abuse and addiction can be ___________ to the body. It can cause: •________________ •Sores on the skin •Damage to kidneys •Damage to heart •Damage to brain •_________________ •Sharing of needles can lead to HIV/AIDS •Mental and emotional problems •________________ •Fear •Nervousness •Suicide Problems with the Law Some drugs are ___________ Drug abuse or addiction can lead to problems with the law. Getting arrested or going to court can affect a person’s entire life. It may be harder to find a job, you may get a jail sentence, lose freedom and dreams with time spent in jail, may lead to other crimes (stealing or DUI). Narcotics Specific drugs that are obtainable ______ by prescription and are used to relieve pain. Used to relieve extreme pain. Examples: •Codeine •Morphine It is important to take these safely under the supervision of a doctor because they can become addictive. Pharmacists ______ keep record of all sales of narcotics. Heroin: an illegal narcotic made from morphine. It is the most commonly abused and highly addictive narcotic. Heroin depresses the _______________________________ and can lead to a coma or death. Drug users share dirty needles and increase the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Stimulants substances that ________ up the body’s function. Makes the: Heart beat faster Increase breathing rate Raise blood pressure Examples of stimulant: •Caffeine ( discussion: what foods and drinks have you consumed that contain caffeine? How does caffeine affect you? What happened when someone you knew tried to stop consuming caffeine?) •Amphetamine- stimulates the CNS. Prescribed to hyperactive children. •Methamphetamine – similar to amphetamine. Treat diseases like narcolepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, and obesity. •Cocaine- people take it to make them feel ___________ and energetic. Wears off easily and people take more of it, making it easy to overdose and be fatal. Crack- can smoke it. Reaches brain in few __________ and produces an intense high. Wears off easily making it become easily craved. Strong stimulants may cause: Blurred vision Dizziness _________ Loss of coordination Collapse ____________ Brain damage stroke Depressants substances that ________ down the body’s functions and reactions. These are sedatives. Prescribed to relieve: Anxiety Tension Nervousness Sleepiness Three main kinds: Tranquilizers- _________ anxiety and relax muscles Barbiturates- feeling of relaxation Hypnotics- strong drugs that bring on _________ Examples: Alcohol ________ Valium Marijuana Of all the illegal drugs, marijuana is the ______ widely used. What is marijuana? Marijuana is the dried flowers and leaves of a cannabis plant. Marijuana is usually ______ although it can be eaten. The active chemical in marijuana is THC. How does Marijuana affect someone? •It makes them feel _______ and happy. •It can have ________effects by making someone feel unable to move or have panic attacks Is it Harmful? •In can cause inability to concentrate •______ of motivation (perform poorly at school or work) •Affects coordination ( inability to react quickly) Become psychologically dependent upon it: •__________ •Unable to sleep if person does not use drug Can cause physical damage: •Lung problems •____________ •Colds •Lung cancer Hallucinogens Drugs that distort ______, thoughts, and senses. Physical effects: Increased heart rate ____________________ Lack of muscle coordination Decreased sensitivity to pain Hallucinogens cause the user to hallucinate or see _______ that aren’t really there. It can trigger uncontrollable, violent behavior. May lose _________ of direction, time, and distance. Can cause panic and be frightening. Examples of hallucinogens: ______- causes terrifying thoughts and feelings PCP-effects last a long time, produce strange and destructive behavior Long term effect: Flashback- sudden __________ of the hallucinogen experience. They can occur months or years after last use. Inhalants Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to ____________ mind-altering sensations. Examples: Aerosol spray Spray paint ________________ Lighter fluid Hairspray When these are breathed in, the harmful fumes go _________ to the brain. Cause: Headaches Nausea _______________ Loss of coordination Death Club Drugs Drugs associated with concerts or parties. Some of these drugs are ___________, odorless, and tasteless. People can slip them into drinks without being noticed. Sometimes referred to as the date rape drug. Types: Ecstasy- can cause permanent brain damage _______- very dangerous in combination with alcohol. Can cause sleep, coma, or death Rohypnol- user blacks out ( 2-8 hours) Ketamine- causes hallucinogens and dreamlike states. May result in death through respiratory failure. Anabolic Steroids Used to ___________ muscle strength and size, enter the body through needle injections, and has many negative side effects. Staying Drug Free Reasons to be Drug Free Drugs can __________ your health. Can cause permanent damage and even _______ you. Can mess up your body and mind Interfere with ability to succeed in sports Damage memory Destroy goals and dreams ________________________________ Drugs are illegal and get in trouble with law Make wiser decisions More natural energy Control over actions and feelings Not waste money Respect yourself Ways to Stay Drug Free Participate in sports or get involved in school clubs _________________________ Get involved in community service Play games with friends Identify students who may use drugs and stay away Learn to handle stress, so you aren’t tempted to use drugs _____________________________ Refusing Drugs Think about everything you would be giving up, if you didn’t stay drug-free. It is up to ______ to protect your dreams and future. Saying “NO” is OK Take__________ in refusing drugs. You are refusing to damage your body, mind, relationships, and future. You are not alone in this decision. STOP- Say No thank you, tell why, other activities, and promptly leave. Getting Help If you currently use drugs there are support groups to help you quit and treatment centers. Living Drug Free If you feel bored or lonely: Learn a new sport or hobby Start regularly being active ____________________ If you need help solving personal problems: _______________________ Contact a hotline or support group If you are tense and anxious: ______________________ Get enough rest and be active Use time management skills Reliable Resources Name sources of information about health issues. What are reliable sources? Not all sources of information are equally valid. Printed materials, check the credentials of the author and anyone the author quotes. Make sure information is based on a scientific study. Sources: • • • • • Parents/ guardians/ trusted adults- based on personal knowledge and experience Library resources-encyclopedias and nonfiction books on science, medicine, nutrition, and fitness. Internet- govt. agencies, health care providers, universities, and scientific publications Community resources- local health organizations, hospitals, clinics, government offices, universities Media- newspaper and magazine articles by health professionals and experts on current health studies.