Download Medicine and Drugs Notes Using Drugs Drugs are used to ______

Medicine and Drugs Notes
Using Drugs
Drugs are used to ______ body, treat sickness, but other purposes too.
Examples: _________ and Painkillers- Legal
Marijuana and ________- illegal
Drugs and Food
Food is ___ a drug. Though, many foods such as cola and chocolate contain drugs- caffeine.
Ways to Take Drugs:
Drugs can be taken orally: this means it can be taken through the _______.
This is the _______ way to take drugs.
Most drugs taken orally are pills, _________, tablets, or _______. When taken orally, the medicine is dissolved by
the chemicals in the stomach and into the bloodstream.
Drugs can be taken by _____________:
drugs by injections are shots given to us by our doctor. A shot is given when the doctor wants the drug to act
quickly, or if it won’t act properly taken orally.
We inject drugs into our _________: arms, buttocks, or upper thigh. Injection is the fastest and most powerful way
for a drug to reach the brain.
Smoking: Some drugs are smoked- _______, marijuana, and crack cocaine.
__________ in tobacco is the most common form of smoking a drug. When smoked, the drug is carried into the
lungs and passed through tiny blood vessels into the bloodstream. ALL smoke contains poisonous substances. It
can cause lung cancer, lung disease, emphysema, and much more.
Inhaling Drugs:
People who have asthma use an inhaler to breath in the drug.
Each time the inhaler is pumped, a _________ amount of drug is released.
Once it is inhaled in the lungs, then it is released into the bloodstream and carried by cells to where it is needed.
Other examples of inhaling drugs: _______________, anesthetics at the doctor’s office.
Inhalers are __________ way to deliver medicine when someone is wheezing.
Asthma is common condition among all age groups of people.
People with asthma usually carry an inhaler with them at all times.
________ borrow a friend’s inhaler, if you think you have asthma then see a doctor.
Other Ways to Take Drugs
Other Ways to take Drugs:
transdermal _______- sticks to skin like a bandage, and medicine from patch is slowly released into the
bloodstream from the patch.
Ointments: are ________ topically to the skin and do not enter the bloodstream.
Drops: for _____ and ears, do not enter the bloodstream.
Drugs taken in more than one form:
Drugs that can be taken in more than one form have different _________ on the body.
Penicillin- can be taken orally, but when injected it has a much faster effect.
Another example- nicotine- people can smoke a cigarette that contains nicotine, but people trying to quit smoking
may wear a nicotine patch or chew nicotine gum .
Using Drugs and Medicines Wisely
What are Medicines?
Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases, pain, injury, or other conditions.
_____ medicines are drugs, but not _____ drugs are medicines.
Food and Drug Administration
Approve medicines based on the following steps to make sure they are safe and effective.
Releasing Medicine to the Public:
The FDA ____________ how consumers can obtain medicines. There are two ways.
Prescription Medicines
Medicines that are potentially harmful and very strong can only be sold with a written order from a physician.
On a RX hard Copy there will be the following information:
Patient’s name
_______________
Doctor’s signature
How to take the (medicine dosage)
Prescription label:
Patient’s name
Directions for taking the medicine
Name of the drug
Doctor’s name
______________________
It is important to take medicine __________ as instructed. Taking too much can be harmful or taking too little can
keep the medicine from working.
Over-the-Counter Medication
OTC medicines are ______ enough to be taken without a written order from a physician.
There are over ____________ of OTC medicines.
These medicines can cause harm though if not used as directed on the label.
It is important to read OTC labels that provide information about ingredients, name and address of manufacturer,
and the control number.
Types of Medicines
Most medicines are used to:
 prevent disease
 ______________
 relieve pain
Medicines to Prevent Diseases:
__________ are used to prevent disease.
A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs that causes the immune system to produce
_____________.
Antibodies are proteins that attack and kill or disable specific germs that cause disease.
Common Vaccines:





Whooping cough
______________
Mumps
Chicken Pox
Hepatitis A and B
Medicines to Fight Infection
Many germs and diseases cannot be ___________ with vaccines.
When you get sick from these germs/ diseases, antibiotics are needed to fight off certain types of bacteria.
Antibiotics are medicines that __________ or______ harmful bacteria in the body.
Penicillin is a highly effective antibiotic used.
Medicines to Relieve Pain
When the body aches, it sends messages along nerves and the _________________ to the brain.
The role of pain medicines is to block these pains or lessen their effect.
Aspirin is a commonly used pain medicine.
Other Medicines
There are varieties of medicines used to treat people with certain conditions or health problems (heart and blood
pressure problems, diabetes, allergies, etc.)
Medicine in the Body: The way medicine enters the body will have a different affect for the medicine.
Medicines have different effects on different people.
Side Effects
Side effects: Some medicines in addition to their intended effect cause a side effect.
A side effect is any __________ of a medicine other than the one intended.
Common side effects:
 Headache
 _______________________
 Drowsiness
If you ever experience side effects talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Some side effects may be serious.
Tolerance
When medicines are used over a _____ period of time, people may develop tolerance to the medicine.
Tolerance is a condition in which a person’s body becomes used to the effect of a medicine and needs greater and
_________ amounts of it in order for it to be __________.
Mixing Medicines
When two or more medicines are taken at the same time the effects can be dangerous.
Possible effects:
•Each medicine may have a stronger effect that it would have if taken _______.
•The medicines may combine to produce unexpected effects.
•One medicine may ________ out the expected effects of the other.
Drug Misuse, Abuse, and Addiction
Using Medicines Improperly
Any use of a medicine that is different from its___________ use is drug misuse.
Examples of drug misuse:
•Not taking the medicine as instructed
•Not finishing the medicine
•Taking someone’s else prescription
•Increasing the dose without your doctor’s permission
Misuse can lead to ______________, drug abuse or addiction.
When Does Misuse Become Abuse?
Drug abuse is misusing a legal drug on _________ or using any illegal drug.
Misuse often occurs when people take too much of a drug.
When the person becomes used to the higher dosage, they crave more, leading to abuse.
Why do people abuse drugs?
•Feel __________
•Perform better
What is Addiction?
Drug addiction is the __________________ use of a drug.
Someone addicted to a drug will continue to take it even if it is harming their health and relationships with others.
If someone is addicted, they cannot control their use of a drug because they have become dependent on it.
Dependence
Dependence of a drug means needing it to___________ properly.
If someone stops taking a drug they are dependent on, the person will have _____________.
Withdrawals are __________symptoms that result when a drug-dependent person stops taking a drug.
When a person abuses a drug long enough their body gets used to the drug, and form a dependence for it.
There are two types of dependence: physical and psychological.
Physical Dependence
Is the body’s chemical need for a ______. If a person with physical dependence suddenly stops taking a
drug, they will experience withdrawals.
Withdrawals include:
•Vomiting
•Muscle and joint pain
•________
•Chills
•________
•And other symptoms
Psychological Dependence
A person’s _____________ or mental need for a drug. This person __________ the drug and feels they can’t get
along without the drug. This can sometimes be harder to overcome than physical dependence.
Psychological dependence includes:
 Sleepiness
 Nervousness
 Irritability
 ______________
Consequences of drug Abuse
When people become addicted to drugs, relationships usually suffer.
Problems with Family and Friends
Drugs can cause changes in a person’s behavior. People using drugs are:
•____________________
•have serious mood swing
•can be difficult to talk too
•have violent outbursts
•become physically and verbally abusive
•________________________
•care less about friends they shared these activities with
Problems at School
Most who abuse drugs do not care about their ___________ and lose interest in their education.
Learning becomes difficult because they cannot _____________, or forget what happened in class day to day.
Teens doing drugs stop doing homework and their grades begin to drop.
They often skip school and school functions.
Teens using drugs may __________ others from learning by misbehaving in class or getting in trouble with school
authorities.
Many teens addicted to drugs, drop out of school.
Money Problems
Drugs cost ________
Abusing drugs is expensive.
When drug addiction gets worse and the more drugs a person needs the more money they need as well.
People who abuse drugs and need to fix their addiction will do anything for money: lie, cheat, harm others,
borrow, _______, from family, friends, and even strangers.
Health Problems
Drug abuse and addiction can be ___________ to the body. It can cause:
•________________
•Sores on the skin
•Damage to kidneys
•Damage to heart
•Damage to brain
•_________________
•Sharing of needles can lead to HIV/AIDS
•Mental and emotional problems
•________________
•Fear
•Nervousness
•Suicide
Problems with the Law
Some drugs are ___________
Drug abuse or addiction can lead to problems with the law.
Getting arrested or going to court can affect a person’s entire life.
It may be harder to find a job, you may get a jail sentence, lose freedom and dreams with time spent in jail, may
lead to other crimes (stealing or DUI).
Narcotics
Specific drugs that are obtainable ______ by prescription and are used to relieve pain. Used to
relieve extreme pain.
Examples:
•Codeine
•Morphine
It is important to take these safely under the supervision of a doctor because they can become addictive.
Pharmacists ______ keep record of all sales of narcotics.
Heroin: an illegal narcotic made from morphine. It is the most commonly abused and highly addictive narcotic.
Heroin depresses the _______________________________ and can lead to a coma or death. Drug users share
dirty needles and increase the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.
Stimulants
substances that ________ up the body’s function.
Makes the:
 Heart beat faster
 Increase breathing rate
 Raise blood pressure
Examples of stimulant:
•Caffeine ( discussion: what foods and drinks have you consumed that contain caffeine? How does caffeine affect
you? What happened when someone you knew tried to stop consuming caffeine?)
•Amphetamine- stimulates the CNS. Prescribed to hyperactive children.
•Methamphetamine – similar to amphetamine. Treat diseases like narcolepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, and obesity.
•Cocaine- people take it to make them feel ___________ and energetic. Wears off easily and people take more of
it, making it easy to overdose and be fatal.
Crack- can smoke it. Reaches brain in few __________ and produces an intense high. Wears off easily making it
become easily craved.
Strong stimulants may cause:
 Blurred vision
 Dizziness
 _________
 Loss of coordination
 Collapse
 ____________
 Brain damage
 stroke
Depressants
substances that ________ down the body’s functions and reactions. These are sedatives.
Prescribed to relieve:
 Anxiety
 Tension
 Nervousness
 Sleepiness
Three main kinds:
 Tranquilizers- _________ anxiety and relax muscles
 Barbiturates- feeling of relaxation
 Hypnotics- strong drugs that bring on _________
Examples:
 Alcohol
 ________
 Valium
Marijuana
Of all the illegal drugs, marijuana is the ______ widely used.
What is marijuana?
Marijuana is the dried flowers and leaves of a cannabis plant.
Marijuana is usually ______ although it can be eaten. The active chemical in marijuana is THC.
How does Marijuana affect someone?
•It makes them feel _______ and happy.
•It can have ________effects by making someone feel unable to move or have panic attacks
Is it Harmful?
•In can cause inability to concentrate
•______ of motivation (perform poorly at school or work)
•Affects coordination ( inability to react quickly)
Become psychologically dependent upon it:
•__________
•Unable to sleep if person does not use drug
Can cause physical damage:
•Lung problems
•____________
•Colds
•Lung cancer
Hallucinogens
Drugs that distort ______, thoughts, and senses.
Physical effects:
 Increased heart rate
 ____________________
 Lack of muscle coordination
 Decreased sensitivity to pain
Hallucinogens cause the user to hallucinate or see _______ that aren’t really there. It can trigger uncontrollable,
violent behavior. May lose _________ of direction, time, and distance. Can cause panic and be frightening.
Examples of hallucinogens:
______- causes terrifying thoughts and feelings
PCP-effects last a long time, produce strange and destructive behavior
Long term effect:
Flashback- sudden __________ of the hallucinogen experience. They can occur months or years after last use.
Inhalants
Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to ____________ mind-altering sensations.
Examples:
 Aerosol spray
 Spray paint
 ________________
 Lighter fluid
 Hairspray
When these are breathed in, the harmful fumes go _________ to the brain.
Cause:
 Headaches
 Nausea
 _______________
 Loss of coordination
 Death
Club Drugs
Drugs associated with concerts or parties.
Some of these drugs are ___________, odorless, and tasteless.
People can slip them into drinks without being noticed. Sometimes referred to as the date rape drug.
Types:
Ecstasy- can cause permanent brain damage
_______- very dangerous in combination with alcohol. Can cause sleep, coma, or death
Rohypnol- user blacks out ( 2-8 hours)
Ketamine- causes hallucinogens and dreamlike states. May result in death through respiratory failure.
Anabolic Steroids
Used to ___________ muscle strength and size, enter the body through needle injections, and has many negative
side effects.
Staying Drug Free
Reasons to be Drug Free
Drugs can __________ your health.
 Can cause permanent damage and even _______ you.
 Can mess up your body and mind
 Interfere with ability to succeed in sports
 Damage memory
 Destroy goals and dreams
 ________________________________
 Drugs are illegal and get in trouble with law
 Make wiser decisions




More natural energy
Control over actions and feelings
Not waste money
Respect yourself
Ways to Stay Drug Free
 Participate in sports or get involved in school clubs
 _________________________
 Get involved in community service
 Play games with friends
 Identify students who may use drugs and stay away
 Learn to handle stress, so you aren’t tempted to use drugs
 _____________________________
Refusing Drugs
Think about everything you would be giving up, if you didn’t stay drug-free.
It is up to ______ to protect your dreams and future.
Saying “NO” is OK
Take__________ in refusing drugs.
You are refusing to damage your body, mind, relationships, and future.
You are not alone in this decision.
STOP- Say No thank you, tell why, other activities, and promptly leave.
Getting Help
If you currently use drugs there are support groups to help you quit and treatment centers.
Living Drug Free
 If you feel bored or lonely:
 Learn a new sport or hobby
 Start regularly being active
 ____________________
If you need help solving personal problems:
 _______________________
 Contact a hotline or support group
 If you are tense and anxious:
 ______________________
 Get enough rest and be active
 Use time management skills
Reliable Resources
Name sources of information about health issues.
What are reliable sources?
Not all sources of information are equally valid. Printed materials, check the credentials of the author and anyone
the author quotes. Make sure information is based on a scientific study.
Sources:
•
•
•
•
•
Parents/ guardians/ trusted adults- based on personal knowledge and experience
Library resources-encyclopedias and nonfiction books on science, medicine, nutrition, and fitness.
Internet- govt. agencies, health care providers, universities, and scientific publications
Community resources- local health organizations, hospitals, clinics, government offices, universities
Media- newspaper and magazine articles by health professionals and experts on current health studies.