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Ethnic Identity Packet Ethic Identity Activity How do you culturally identify? What has been your exposure to your community? How closely do you affiliate to your community? What was the make-up of your high school? Who were your peers in high school? Has your social group changed? Have you visited your parents country of origin? In relation to the models we have discussed in class, how do you feel about your ethnic identity? Are you bicultural, ethnocentric or Eurocentric? Class Lecture Ethnic Identity – is a set of self ideas specifically related to one’s ethnic group membership. It is directly one’s own knowledge of personal ownership or membership in the ethnic group, and the correlated knowledge, understanding, values, behaviors, and proud feelings that are a direct implication of ethnic identity. • Ethnic identity has been described as a selfconcept such as self-esteem, and selfconceptualization (Riojas, 2001, p. 72). • Tajfel defines it as “‘that part of an individual’s self-concept which derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group (or groups) together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership’” (McNeill, 2001, p. 274) • Ethnic identity for adolescents whose parents are immigrants is different amongst other adolescents because these adolescents have to adjust to their own culture at home while in the same time adjusting to the dominant culture in the school and social setting (Phinney et al, 2001, p. 135). Acculturation process - defined as adopting culture practices and characteristics from the dominant culture, tends to be an important factor for ethnic identity (Pizarro & Vera, 2001, p. 9293). Acculturation – the product of cultural learning that occurs as a result of contact between the members of two or more culturally distinct groups. It is a process of attitudinal and behavioral change undergone, willingly or unwillingly, by individuals who reside in multicultural settings. – “acculturation plays an important role in the psychological adjustment of Latinos” (Azara, 1999, p. 18). Marin also believes that acculturation influences ethnic identity (Azara, 1999, p. 18) – Marin’s states that people who were acculturated were more likely to self-identify as ‘bi-ethnic,’ in other words, biracial. Enculturation is the process where people know their “ethnic role behaviors” such as celebrations and certain preferences such as foods, and encompasses feelings as well (Pizarro & Vera, 2001, p. 92). Assimilation is the process where an individual loses his or her traditions, customs, values and the like and take over the dominant groups traditions, values, and customs (Pizarro & Vera, 2001, p. 93). Biculturalism - An integration of two cultures, is also tied to ethnic identity. Biculturalism signifies as to what extent the person is willing to preserve his or her Spanish language (Azara, 1999, p. 19). – Integrated school, bicultural – More racial tension – more likely to identify as Latino Additional Commentaries from Readings – Ethnic Identity Ethnic identity content and process: Ethnic identity formation vs. ethnic identity Content of ethnic identity- actual ethnic behaviors that individuals practice along with their attitudes toward their ethnic group. Process of ethnic identity – the way in which individuals come to understand the implications of their ethnicity and make decisions about its role in their lives. Enculturation – the socialization process by which individuals acquire either by generalized learning in a particular cultural milieu or as a result of a specific instsruction or training) the host of cultural and psychological qualities that are necessary to function as a member of one’s group. Cultural transmission: Vertical – stemming from one’s parents Horizontal – peers Oblique – from other adults and institutions Acculturation – the product of cultural learning that occurs as a result of contact between the members of two or more culturally distinct groups. It is a process of attitudinal and behavioral change undergone, willingly or unwillingly, by individuals who reside in multicultural settings. Ethnic Identity – is a set of self ideas specifically related to one’s ethnic group membership. It is directly one’s own knowledge of personal ownership or membership in the ethnic group, and the correlated knowledge, understanding, values, behaviors, and proud feelings that are a direct implication of ethnic identity. Racial Cultural Identity Development Model: RCID Conformity Dissonance Resistance and Immersion Introspection Synergistic Crisis and Resolution - Ruiz, 1990 Casual Stage Cognitive Stage Consequence Stage Working Through Stage Successful Resolution Stage ETHNIC IDENTITY LECTURE NOTES – NON-INCLUSIVE OF ALL MATERIAL Biculturalism - Ramirez, 1993 Synthesized Multicultural • attitudes and functions Functional multicultural/mainstream orientation • function in both, feels more comfortable in mainstream, more commitment to main Functional multicltural/ Latino orientation • function in both, more com. with Latino Monocultural • function in Latino, more self assured with own group Assimilation, acculturation, pluralism Canul, 1994 ETHNIC IDENTITY LECTURE NOTES – NON-INCLUSIVE OF ALL MATERIAL Castellanos, 2002