Download Bio 521 Chapter 9 Assignment

Bio 521
Chapter 9 Assignment
True/False. Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
____
1. Organisms with open circulatory systems rely on the muscular movements associated with locomotion to move the
blood around their bodies.
____
2. Generally, arteries have thicker walls than veins.
____
3. Heart rate remains constant whether an individual is standing, sitting, or lying down.
____
4. The spleen is an important reservoir of red blood cells.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
5. Which of the following is not a function of the circulatory system?
a. It carries nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells.
b. It transports chemical messengers throughout the body.
c. It manufactures red blood cells.
d. It distributes heat throughout the body.
e. It works with the kidneys to maintain an acceptable level of body fluid.
____
6. The average human body contains approximately 5 L of blood. What volume of blood passes through the heart each
minute?
a. 2 L
d. 6 L
b. 4 L
e. 8 L
c. 5 L
____
7. Which of the following is not a type of white blood cell?
a. basophil
d. monocyte
b. eosinophil
e. platelet
c. lymphocyte
____
8. Which of the following is true of arteries?
a. They always carry oxygenated blood.
b. They always carry deoxygenated blood.
c. They are the site of exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues.
d. They always carry blood away from the heart.
e. They always carry blood toward the heart.
____
9. Which of the following is not true of veins?
a. The walls of the veins allow materials to diffuse in and out easily.
b. They have thinner walls than arteries.
c. They have one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
d. They rely on the activity of the skeletal muscles to help move blood back to the heart.
e. The pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries.
____
10. The septum completely separates the two halves of the mammalian heart. Because of this
a. the heart is able to hold a larger volume of blood.
b. the blood flows faster.
c. the blood flows more slowly.
d. oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are kept separate.
e. oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are allowed to mix freely.
____
11. The largest artery in the human body is the
a. coronary artery.
b. pulmonary artery.
c. carotid artery.
d.
e.
aorta.
brachial artery.
____
12. Angioplasty is a process in which
a. oxygen is added to the coronary arteries via an intervenous feed.
b. holes in the wall of the heart are repaired.
c. coronary arteries are replaced by arteries from other parts of the body.
d. dye injected through a tube travels to the heart to detect defects in blood flow.
e. a small balloon is inserted through a tube to scrape the walls of blocked arteries.
____
13. Which of the following correctly outlines the pathway that is followed by a red blood cell that first enters the heart at
the vena cava?
a. left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, right atrium, right ventricle,
aorta
b.
c.
d.
e.
____
____
left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, left ventricle,
aorta
left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle,
aorta
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle,
aorta
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle,
aorta
14. The heart's "pacemaker" is the
a. bicuspid node.
b. Purkinje node.
c. atrioventricular node.
d.
e.
sinoatrial node.
semilunar node.
15. The normal blood pressure for a young adult is
a. 150/50.
b. 130/60.
c. 120/80.
d.
e.
100/100.
60/130.
____
16. Which of the following is not true of the lymphatic system?
a. It consists of open-ended vessels similar to veins.
b. Slow muscular contractions cause the fluid to move in the vessels.
c. There are flaplike valves to prevent the backflow of fluid.
d. The lymph is returned to the veins.
e. Oxygen is transported to body tissues.
____
17. Which of the following is not a function of the lymph nodes?
a. They house white blood cells that destroy bacteria by phagocytosis.
b. They filter out damaged cells.
c. They supply lymphocytes for the body.
d. They produce blood platelets.
e. They remove debris from the lymph.
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
1. Approximately 55% of the blood is a fluid known as ____________________. Most of the remaining 45%
consists of ____________________ cells, while less than 1% consists of ____________________ cells.
2. The heart's tempo is determined by the bundle of nerves called the _________________________.
3. The contraction of the heart muscles is called ____________________ and their relaxation is
called_____________________.
4. The grasshopper has a/an _______________ circulatory system whereas a human has a/an ______________
circulatory system.
5. The rate of the Pacemaker is controlled by certain nerves - the _________________ speeds up the pace while the
_________________slows down the pace of the Pacemaker.
6. The __________________ is an organ that pumps _____________ through the circulatory system. It consists of
two ______________ and two ______________ separated by a ______________. ____________________
control the direction of blood flow. It is surrounded by a protective layer called the
_____________________________.
7. ___________________ carries blood to and from the kidneys in the human._______________ carries blood to
the muscles of the heart. The hepatic-portal circulation helps to maintain the balance of ________________ in
the blood
8. Sustained increase in blood pressure due to increased resistance to blood flow is called ____________________.
9. The three parts of a negative feedback loop are: ________________, _________________, and _____________
10. Physicians measure the pressure on the blood in the artery of the upper arm with an instrument called a _______
Matching. A. Match the following parts of the mammalian heart with the appropriate descriptions.
a. pulmonary arteries
e. superior vena cava
b. septum
f. semilunar valves
c. aorta
g. atrioventricular valves
d. pulmonary veins
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
collects blood from the upper part of the body and delivers it to the heart
separates the two chambers on the same side of the heart
delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs
prevents blood leaving the heart from re-entering the heart
separates the two halves of the heart
returns oxygenated blood to the heart
delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
B.
a.
b.
c.
____
____
____
____
____
____
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Match the following disorders with the correct description.
hypertension
d. stroke
heart murmur
e. arteriosclerosis
heart attack
f. tachycardia
destruction of the heart muscle due to a lack of oxygen
a group of disorders that cause blood vessels to thicken, harden, and become winding
sustained high blood pressure
rapid heart rate
the incomplete closing of the semilunar valves
interrupted blood flow to the brain resulting in insufficient oxygen
C.
a.
b.
c.
Match the following with their correct functions.
lymph
d.
spleen
e.
lymph node
lymphocyte
thymus
____ 14. ensure that the body does not initiate an immune reaction against its own proteins
____ 15. produces lymphocytes
____ 16. fluidlike blood plasma that is collected and returned to the veins
____ 17. filter out damaged cells and debris
____ 18. stores about 150 mL of red blood cells for emergency situations
Short Answer
1. Unborn babies do not need a pulmonary circulatory system because they obtain their oxygen supply via the umbilical cords
of their mothers. The oxygenated blood enters their hearts and moves between the two ventricles through an opening in the
septum. Then it is distributed to their body cells through the systemic system. The opening between the ventricles is supposed
to seal off at birth, restoring the heart to a complete four-chambered one. What problems (2) do you think the small number
of babies in which the opening does not seal off would have?
2. Below is an electrocardiograph showing several heartbeats. Describe and account for the changes you would expect to see in
the electricardiograph if the person shown
a) exercised vigorously for several minutes
b) drank a cup of coffee
c) fell asleep
(Note that the period between the beats is not to scale. The actual time has been shortened to allow more beats to be shown.)
0
1.0
2.0
(s)
3.
Provide a drawing that shows the main vessels of the human circulatory system. Indicate the type of blood/function of each.
2.
Describe the 4 components of blood. (You can use a chart if you like) You must have 3 points for each!
3.
Explain the difference between a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop. Give an example
for each.