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Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ Fertilization and Development Fertilization: A fertilized egg is called a ___________________________________________. Fertilization takes place in the ______________________________________________________________________________. 1. Internal Fertilization: 2. Internal Development: Twins: 3. Paternal (Identical Twins): 4. Fraternal (Non-Identical Twins): Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ Fertilization Occurs in the upper portion of the ________________________ (fallopian tube) If the egg is not ________________________________ within 24-48 hours after ovulation, it will die and be shed from the body during ______________________________________________. ________________________________ begins in the oviduct (fallopian tube). About 6-10 days later, the _________________________ may be implanted in uterine lining as a _________________________. Embryonic Development The zygote undergoes mitotic cell divisions called _____________________________________. Once cleavage begins, the zygote becomes developing ____________________________________. Cleavage: Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Gastrulation Date_____________ Period___________ Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ Differentiation a series of changes that transforms unspecialized embryonic cells, tissues and organs that make up an organism into specialized structures The cells of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm differentiate and develop into the various tissues and organs of the body. The three layers of the gastrula develop into: (refer to the diagram below) Embryo: Fetus: Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ The Mammalian Embryo Internal fertilization and internal development = fertilization and development inside the body. A proper balance of nutrients and gases are supplied to the embryo by the following structures: 1. Placenta: 2. Amnion(Amniotic Sac): 3. Umbilical Cord: Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ Gestation: The period of time between conception and birth (about 9 months for humans) 40 weeks. Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Label the diagram below: Date_____________ Period___________ Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ The Chick Embryo Internal fertilization and exrternal development =fertilization _________________________ and development _______________________ the body. Structures: 1. Chorion: 2. Amnion: 3. Allantois: 4. Yolk Sac: 5. Shell: Name_____________________________________ Living Environment Date_____________ Period___________ Reproductive Technology In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) - a complex series of procedures used to treat infertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child - during IVF, mature eggs are collected (retrieved) from female ovaries and are fertilized by sperm in a lab Cloning - the technique of producing a genetically identical duplicate of an organism by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body cell from the organism you want to clone