Download Classification of Living Things

LESSON 3 PROTISTS & FUNGI
I. PROTISTA
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A. CHARACTERISTICS
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1. Kingdom Protista= group of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be
classified as fungi, plants or animals
2. Protists have membrane bound organelles
• Some have chloroplasts
• Contractile vacuoles that get rid of excess water
• Sensor organelles for light, heat, and food
3. Protists have complex structures for movement
• Cilia= short hair like structure that move in a wave pattern
• Flagella= long whip like structure that propels like a boat
B. REPRODUCTION
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1. Asexual reproduction
a. Binary fission= copies DNA and then splits into 2 clones
b. Fragmentation= a piece breaks off and develops into a new individual
2. Sexual Reproduction= two cells (gametes) join together
a. Each gamete has half of the genetic info (haploid)
b. Come together to make a whole organism (diploid)
c. Increases genetic diversity
d. Gametophytes= adult haploid generation in Protists
e. Sporophytes= adult diploid generation
f. Spores= reproductive cells that are resistant to stressful environmental
conditions
g. Alternation of generations= cycle of switching between the haploid and
diploid phases of a protist https://youtu.be/6QiIXlOoJI0
B. GROUPS OF PROTISTS
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1. Animal like Protists= get nutrients by ingesting other organisms
• Eat small bacteria, yeast & fungi
• Can move with cilia or flagella
• ex: Amoeba
2. Fungus like Protists= absorb nutrients from living or dead organisms
• Cannot move so they send spores out into the environment where they land
and grow on an organism
3. Plant like Protists= producers that float
• Phytoplankton= produce much of the world’s oxygen
• Algae= green, red, & brown
•
II. KINGDOM FUNGI
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A. CHARACTERISTICS
1. Fungi= (singular fungus) are spore producing organisms that absorb
nutrients from the environment
2. Fungi are consumers
• get nutrients by secreting digestive juices onto a food source, dissolving the
food, and then the dissolved food is ingested
3. Fungi cannot move
4. Cell walls are made of chitin (hard substance)
5. Hyphae=chains of threadlike fungal filaments that makes the body of
the fungus and grows underground
6.
https://youtu.be/70LA0mijzCM
B. FUNGI REPRODUCTION
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1. Asexual Reproduction occurs in 3 ways:
• fragmentation= hyphae break apart and each new piece
becomes a new fungus
• budding= small portion pinches off from the parent to become a
new individual
• spores are released and spread by wind to travel long distances
and grow where they land
2. Sexual reproduction
occurs when hyphae
from two individuals join
together
• the fused hyphae from a
reproductive structure = a
mushroom
• genetic material from
both fungi are fused
together
• spores are released from
formed mushroom
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C. TYPES OF FUNGI
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1. Zygote Fungi= bread molds, molds that rot fruits, & vegetables
• some can fight infections
• used to process soybeans
• some can cause infections
2. Sac Fungi= largest group of fungi
• yeasts, powdery mildew, morels, & birds nest fungi
• microscopic sacs open to release spores
• make breads and alcohols
3. Club Fungi= mushroom, bracket fungi, smuts and rusts
• fungal mycelium if one of the worlds largest living organisms (2,383 acres or
1,665 football fields!) Oregon USA
D. FUNGI PARTNERSHIPS
1. Mycorrhiza= fungus that grows in or on the roots of plants
• The fungus breaks down organic matter to provide minerals for the plant
• The plant photosynthesizes making organic matter for the fungus
2. Lichen= partnership between fungus and green alga or cyanobacterium
• The alga or cyanobacteria provide food for the fungus through photosynthesis
• The fungus provides protection(shelter), water, and minerals
• Creates soil by breaking down rocks
• Indicates a non-polluted environment b/c they are sensitive
• Food for animals
HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/BFK0GKBQBUM NAT GEO
MODERN MARVELS FUNGI
USES OF FUNGI: HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/BLCKBKJ8URO
• States 5 things that we can now do with fungi