* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Science 8 Name: Unit 2 Astronomy Date: Period: LAB
Star of Bethlehem wikipedia , lookup
Aries (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Canis Minor wikipedia , lookup
Auriga (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Observational astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Corona Borealis wikipedia , lookup
Corona Australis wikipedia , lookup
Cassiopeia (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Future of an expanding universe wikipedia , lookup
Type II supernova wikipedia , lookup
Cosmic distance ladder wikipedia , lookup
Star catalogue wikipedia , lookup
Malmquist bias wikipedia , lookup
Cygnus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Canis Major wikipedia , lookup
Perseus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Stellar kinematics wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Timeline of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Stellar classification wikipedia , lookup
Star formation wikipedia , lookup
Stellar evolution wikipedia , lookup
Science 8 Unit 2 Astronomy Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________________ Period: ______________ LAB- Using a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram Purpose: To understand the relationships between a star’s color, temperature and brightness. Materials: HR Diagram, colored pencils Procedure: 1. Using the data in the table, plot the location of each star and label it with its name. 2. Complete the data table based on the location of the star on the HR Diagram. 3. Color the columns of the HR Diagram. 4. Answer the questions. Background: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram is actually an elaborate graph that illustrates the relationship that exists between the average surface temperature of stars and their absolute magnitude. Absolute magnitude is how bright stars would appear to be if they were all the same distance away from Earth. Rather than speak of brightness of stars we often use the word “luminosity.” Luminosity of stars is affected by both the temperature and size of the star. The most luminous stars would be large and hot. The color of a star is a direct reflection of the surface temperature, which is illustrated in the diagram. Star Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Shaula Gacrux Castor Adhara Betelgeuse Canopus Gamma Cygni Sol Tau Ceti VMS-2 Wolf 424B Epsilon Indi Absolute Magnitude -3.5 -1.2 0.5 -4.8 -7.2 -2.5 -5.1 4.8 5.75 14.2 15.2 6.16 Spectral Class B2 M4 A2 B2 M2 A9 F8 G2 G8 A7 M5 K2 Color Surface Temperature Star Type (Size) Analyze and Conclude: 1. What is the temperature for the following stars? a. Castor __________ b. Sol __________ c. Canopus __________ d. VMS-2 __________ 2. If Polaris (The North Star) coordinates were G6, -7 what would it’s color, temperature and star type be? a. color __________ b. temp. __________ c. type __________ 3. Name on giant star and its attributes (color, temp., type) a. name ____________________ b. color __________ c. temp. __________ d. type __________ 4. Compare the brightness of a white dwarf to any stars in the main sequence. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Where are the white dwarfs found on the HR Diagram? (class and coordinates) ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Name the hottest star on the chart. ____________________ 7. What color are the hottest stars? ____________________ 8. What color are the coolest stars? ____________________ 9. Rigel is at the coordinates B9, -10.5. Describe this star. a. color __________ b. temp. __________ c. type __________ 10. Compare and contrast Mira to Canopus (Mira is at M5, -5). ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. Compare and contrast Shaula to EI (EI is at K2, +4). ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is the approximate surface temperature of our sun (Sol)? __________ 13. Most of the stars shown on the HR Diagram are classifies as what kind of stars? ______________ 14. How is it possible for the white dwarfs to have a lower luminosity than the sun even though the sun is much cooler than the white dwarfs? ______________________________________________________________________________ 15. Would the surface temperatures of stars classified as giants generally be higher or lower than white dwarfs? ________________________________________