Download Earth in the Solar System (Earth Science) 12% 7 Items Test Prep

Earth in the Solar System (Earth Science) 12%
7 Items
Test Prep Questions
8th Grade (4a Earth in the Solar System)
Students know galaxies are clusters of billions of stars and may have different shapes.
Summary: Stars are not uniformly distributed throughout the universe but are clustered
by the billions in galaxies. Galaxies themselves appear to form clusters that are separated
by vast expanses of empty space. As galaxies are discovered they are classified by their
differing sizes and shapes. The most common shapes are spiral, elliptical, and irregular.
8th Grade (4b Earth in the Solar System)
Students know that the Sun is one of many stars in the Milky Way galaxy and that stars
may differ in size, temperature and color.
Summary: The Sun is a star located on the rim of a typical spiral galaxy called the Milky
Way and orbits the galactic center. In similar spiral galaxies this galactic center appears
as a bulge of stars in the heart of the disk. Stars vary greatly in size, temperature, and
color. For the most part those variations are related to the stars’ life cycles.
-------------------------------------------------------------Illinois Released Question
White dwarfs are hot stars that produce very little light. In which zone would a
white dwarf be found?
A
B
C
D
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Answer: A Zone 1
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8th Grade (4c Earth in the Solar System)
Students know how to use astronomical units and light years as measures of distances
between the Sun, stars and Earth.
Summary: Distances between astronomical objects are enormous. The astronomical unit
(AU) is defined to be equal to the average distance from Earth to the Sun: 1
AU=1.496X1011meters. Distances between planets of the solar system are usually
expressed in AU. For distances between stars and galaxies, even that large unit of length
is not sufficient. Interstellar and intergalactic distances are expressed in terms of how far
light travels in one year. 1 light year = 9.462X1015meters, or approximately 6 trillion
miles. The most distant objects observed in the universe are estimated to be 10 to 15
billion light years from the solar system.
8th Grade (4d Earth in the Solar System)
Students know that stars are the source of light for all bright objects in outer space and
that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, not by their own light.
Summary: The energy from the Sun and other stars, seen as visible light, is caused by
nuclear fusion reactions that occur deep inside the stars’ cores. By carefully analyzing
the spectrum of light from stars, scientists know that most stars are composed primarily
of hydrogen, a smaller amount of helium, and much smaller amounts of all other
chemical elements. Most stars are born from the gravitational compression and heating
of hydrogen gas. A fusion reaction results when hydrogen nuclei combine to form
helium nuclei. This event releases energy and establishes a balance between the inward
pull of gravity and the outward pressure of the fusion reaction products.
Planets and the Moon do not generate the light that makes them visible.
-------------------------------------------------------------Virginia State Released Question
What element is the main component of most stars?
A Nitrogen
B Iron
C Hydrogen
D Oxygen
Answer: C Hydrogen
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8th Grade (4e Earth in the Solar System)
Students know the appearance, general composition, relative position and size, and
motion of objects in the solar system, including planets, planetary satellites, comets,
and asteroids.
Summary: Nine planets are currently known in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. They vary greatly in size and
appearance. The planets also drastically vary in their distance from the Sun, period of
revolution about the Sun, period of rotation about their own axis, tilt of their axis,
composition and appearance. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) tend
to be relatively small and are composed primarily of rock. The outer planets (Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are generally much larger and are composed primarily of
gas. Pluto is composed primarily of rock and is the smallest planet in the solar system.
All the planets are much smaller than the Sun. All objects are attracted toward one
another gravitationally, and the strength of the gravitational force between them depends
on their masses and the distance that separates them from one another and from the Sun.
-------------------------------------------------------------Virginia State Released Question
One complete revolution of a planet around the sun equals one
A
B
C
D
year
month
week
day
Answer: A year
-------------------------------------------------------------Illinois State Released Question
If all the planets started out together on their trips around the Sun, Which one
would finish the trip last?
A
B
C
D
Jupiter
Pluto
Mercury
Saturn
Answer: B Pluto
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Virginia Released Question
Planet
Earth
Jupiter
Mars
Mercury
Venus
Average Distance from Sun (Kilometers-Km)
149.5 million Km
777.3 million Km
227.9 million Km
57.9 million Km
108.2 million Km
According to this chart, which planet will most likely have the highest
temperatures?
A Earth
B Mars
C Mercury
D Venus
Answer: C Mercury
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