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Chapter 16 Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems Functions of the cardiovascular system Composed of the _______ & all blood vessels of the body Function is to _________ blood, thereby maintaining an internal environment in which all the cells of your body are nourished Functions of the cardiovascular system The heart pumps blood Blood carries ___________ cells throughout your body to deliver ______ At the same time carbon dioxide along with __________ is carried away from your body via blood cells Functions of the cardiovascular system ________ is delivered to your lungs and waste products are sent to the ___________ to be removed from the body Structures of the cardiovascular system The __________ and the ________ are perhaps the most important organs in your body The heart is made of the ___________ which is what makes it pump Your heart rate increases or decreases __________________ based on your physical activity Chambers of the heart Your heart has ____ chambers Right ________ Left _________ _______ Ventricle _______ Ventricle A wall of tissue separates the right & left atria called the __________ along with the right & left ventricles Chambers of the heart The right __________ works as the natural __________ for the rest of the heart Small electrical __________ force the atrium to contract therefore allowing blood to be pumped into the ventricles Blood is then pumped out of the heart Chambers of the heart When blood is flowing it can only flow _________________ Once blood is pumped the valves close not allowing blood to pump back The sound that you hear when your heart is beating is the sound of the __________ closing Circulation of the heart Blood that has been ___________ but has carbon dioxide & waste is pumped back to the heart by 2 large blood vessels called the ______________ _________________ blood enters the right atrium & is transferred to the right ventricle Circulation of the heart Blood is then pumped to the _______ Inside the lungs the blood drops the carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen Newly _________________ blood is then returned to the lungs to the left atrium of the heart Circulation of the heart The blood is then pumped from the left atrium into the ______ ventricle Blood is then pumped out of the heart & into the rest of the body by way of the large artery called the ________ Blood Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, & nutrients to the cells & carries away waste that the cells produce _______of your blood consists of ______ the fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended Blood Red blood cells make up about ____% of blood White blood cells & platelets together make up the remaining 5% of blood 1 ___________ of blood contains millions of each of these types of cells Red blood cells & White blood cells _________ blood cells – transport oxygen to cells & parts of the body Formed in bone marrow, they contain _______________ the oxygencarrying protein in blood Red blood cells also carry _________away from cells back to the lungs Red blood cells & White blood cells __________ blood cells are made to protect our bodies against infection & fight off infection when it occurs White blood cells are also produced in _______________________ Production of white blood cells _____________ when an infection is present Blood vessels You have more then _________ miles of blood vessels that transport blood There are 3 main types of blood vessels __________ __________ __________ Arteries They are blood vessels that carry blood ________ from the heart They have thick elastic walls and contain smooth muscle fibers ________________ arteries carry _________________ blood from the right ventricles to the lungs Arteries _______ arteries, such as the ______, carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all areas of the body As arteries move away from the heart, they branch into progressively smaller vessels called _____________ Arterioles deliver blood to __________ Capillaries Capillaries are small vessels that carry blood between _____________ and small vessels called ____________ Capillaries form an _________________throughout tissues and organs in the body, reaching almost every body cell Veins Veins are blood vessels that ________ blood to the heart Vein walls are thinner and less elastic than those of arteries, veins are still able to withstand the pressure exerted by blood as it flows though them Platelets Platelets are cells that __________ the body’s loss of blood Platelets produce small thread-like fibers called _________ Lymphatic System This system also helps to fight infection & plays an important role to the bodies immunity to disease ___________ is the clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells _______________ are specialized white blood cells that provide the body with immunity & protect the body against antibodies B Cells B cells are ______________ that are stimulated to multiply when they are come in contact with a pathogen Some B cells produce ________ cells, which produce ___________ that attack the pathogen, other produce memory cells T Cells T cells are ___________ that are stimulated to enlarge & multiply when they encounter a pathogen. There are ____ main types _______ cells which stop the spread of disease _______ cells aid in the activation of B cells & killer T cells Structure of the Lymphatic System It consists of a network of vessels & tissues that are involved in the movement & filtering of lymph Care & Problems of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 2 Health behaviors associated with good cardiovascular care Follow a well balance diet that is low in saturated fats, cholesterol & salt Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels Participate in regular aerobic exercise for at least _____ minutes _____ times a week Health behaviors associated with good cardiovascular care Avoid the use of tobacco products & exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke Avoid _______ drugs, including stimulants, marijuana, & ecstasy Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the measure of the amount of _______ that the blood places on the walls of the blood vessels Blood Pressure As your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, the maximum pressure, called __________ pressure is measured As the ventricles relax to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point, called the __________ Cardiovascular System Problems ______________ heart disease – a condition that is present at birth Cardiovascular disease is actually a group of the cardiovascular systems that include _________, ______ disease, & __________ Cardiovascular System Problems Heart ________________ are abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart __________ veins form if valves in the veins do not close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood Cardiovascular System Problems ______________ is a condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced – The most common cause of anemia is ________ deficiency Cardiovascular System Problems ____________ is a form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produces excessively and abnormally ___________ is an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot properly Lymphatic system problems __________________occur when the immune system can no longer protect against infection ____________ disease is a type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue ______________ is an infection of the tonsils & can be common in children The Respiratory System Lesson 3 Functions of the respiratory system _________________ is the exchange of gases between the body and the environment Structure of the Respiratory System Lungs are the ________ organs of the respiratory system & the site of the external respiration The _____________ is the muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity The structure of the lungs can be compared to the structure of a ____________ tree The breathing process The breathing process is made possible by creating a pressure of difference between the ________ and ______________________________ When your lungs expand the pressure inside of them becomes ________ than the pressure outside your body Other Respiratory Structures _________ – or throat _________ - or windpipe _________ – the airways that connect the trachea and the lungs The larynx & epiglottis Neither of these are directly associated with the _____________ system but have important functions ____________ or voice box connects the throat to the trachea The _______________ is a flap of cartilage located above the larynx, it closes off the passageway to the larynx & trachea when you swallow Care & Problems of the Respiratory System Lesson 4 Health Behaviors & the Respiratory System Your nasal passageway contains ________ & ________ that help to prevent particles from entering your body However, your respiratory system is still ___________ Asthma, Cancer can result from air pollution being let into your body Respiratory System Problems ______________ – is an inflammation of the bronchi causes by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution _______________ an inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection Respiratory System Problems _______________ an inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity ____________ an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, & bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing Respiratory System Problems ____________ an inflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses _______________ is a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs ________________ is a disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli