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CUSTOMER_CODE SMUDE DIVISION_CODE SMUDE EVENT_CODE APR2016 ASSESSMENT_CODE BC0055_APR2016 QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 4259 QUESTION_TEXT Discuss & Explain BOOTP The BOOTP enables _______ process SCHEME OF EVALUATION Introduction – (6 Marks) BOOTP process- (4 Marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 4260 QUESTION_TEXT Explain the different TCP congestion control algorithms ● Slow start ● Congestion avoidance SCHEME OF EVALUATION ● Fast retransmit ● Fast recovery Explanation of each carries (2.5 Marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 72410 QUESTION_TEXT List the steps to be carried out to reuse previously allocated network address by client. SCHEME OF EVALUATION The steps are: 1. The DHCPREQUEST message is broadcasted by the client in the local subnet. The DHCPREQUEST message will have the network address of the client. 2. A server sends a DHCPACK message to the client with configuration parameters and at the same time renewing the lease. 3. The server sends a DHCPNACK to the client if the lease time expired. 4. When a client gets DHCPACK message with configuration parameters, it records the lease time and the lease identification cookie listed in the DHCPACK message. Now the client is configured and resets the timers LT1 and LT2. 5. When the DHCPACK message problem noticed (for example, address is already in use), a DHCPDECLINE message is sent by the client to the server and the configuration process restarted by requesting a new network address. If a DHCPNAK message is received by the client, it cannot reuse the remembered address. The client must restart its configuration process to allocate a new network address. (Each step carries 2 marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 72411 QUESTION_TEXT What are the different states present in TCP connection? The states are: ● LISTEN ● SYN-SENT ● SYN-RECIEVED ● ESTABLISHED ● FIN-WAIT-1 SCHEME OF EVALUATION ● FIN-WAIT-2 ● CLOSE-WAIT ● CLOSING ● LAST-ACK ● TIME-WAIT ● CLOSED QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 121862 QUESTION_TEXT What is a socket? Give an example. SCHEME OF EVALUATION The socket interface is one of serval application programming interfaces to the communication protocols. Designed to be a generic communication programming interface, socket APIs were first introduced by Berkeley software Distribution (BSD). Although it has not been standardized, Berkeley socket API has become a de facto industry standard abstraction for network TCP/IP socket implementation. Consider the following terminologies: 1. A socket is a special type of file handle, which is used by a process to request network services from the operating system 2. A socket address is the triple: <protocol, local–address, local port> For example, in the TCP/IP I(version 4)suite: <tcp, 192.168.14.234, 8080> 3. A conversation is the communication link between two processes. 4. An association is the 5–tuple that completely specifies the two processes that comprise a connection: <protocol, local–address, local–port, foreign–address, foreign–port> In the TCP/IP (version 4) suite, the following could be a valid association. <tcp, 192.168.14.234, 1500, 192.168.44, 22> 5. A half–association is either one of the following, which each specify half of a connection: <protocol, local–address, local–process> Or: <protocol, foreign–address, foreign–process> QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 121863 Explain the different categories of DHCP message Types QUESTION_TEXT DHCP messages fall into one of the following categories: 1. DHCPDISCOVER: 2. DHCPOFFER 3. DHCPREQUEST 4. DHCPACK 5. DHCPNACK 6. DHCPDECLINE 7. DHCPRELEASE 8. DHCPINFORM SCHEME OF EVALUATION