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Civil War: The Military Campaigns Directions: Use 3-5 minutes to double check this subject’s Power School for your class grade and work listings verifying that all work is caught up. Read and heed embedded messages. Next, research your part of the following topics and figure out answers to the questions. Write your questions and detailed answers on lined paper or your notebook paper. These questions and related answers are required to be handed in, once the class discussion is completed. You are expected to use the time completely, be through and become knowledgeable. Write down any puzzles you have related to the material on your paper and bring them up during the class discussion. Warning: If you are found to be using your research time for other things, it will hurt your learning and grade. If you think or claim to be done, you are not! Once your assigned part is ready, then help others on your team or study the test resources from Mr. Spitzer’s web page for the upcoming test. No games, non-topic talk or other activities allowed during research time. The class will research as much as time allows before team sharing and whole class discussion. Since there is always more to learn, Mr. Spitzer encourages you to look into this topic more on your own time. Your class work grade includes: 1. Entire use of time while researching. 2. Answer questions & pay attention during team sharing. 3. Paying attention & participate during class discussion. 4. Turning in your readable questions & notes. Team members who do not do their share, provide hasty sloppy answers, disrupt others and use time ineffectively in the four grade aspects will be removed from the team and required to write out and turn in all answers on their own for the grade. Topics to Research Lincoln’s Election Southern States set up Confederacy Map of the sides North and South Fort Sumter and mobilization Southern War Strategy Anaconda Plan and consequences Ironclads War Theaters Blockade Runners and Commerce Raiders Eastern War Theater 1861-62 plus generals Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville 1862-1863 plus generals Gettysburg Western War Theater 1861-62 plus generals Battle of Shiloh, New Orleans, Battle of Island Number 10 plus leadership Vicksburg Campaigns December 1862 – July 1863 plus leadership Battles of Tullahoma, Chickamauga and Chattanooga Atlanta Campaign Sherman’s March to the Sea Grant vs. Lee Battle of the Wilderness and Battle of Spotsylvania Court House & Bloody Angle Cold Harbor Siege of Petersburg and Battle of the Crater Shenandoah Valley in 1864-65 Appomattox, 1865 Questions to be able to discuss 1. Why was Abraham Lincoln’s election in November 1860 the final trigger for secession of the Southern States from the Union? 2. Which seven Deep South cotton states seceded by February 1861? Describe the name and the government set up by these states on February 4, 1861. Who became president of these seceded states? In his April 29, 1861 message to the Confederate Congress what reasons did Jefferson Davis cite as causes of the Southern secession? 3. Show on the wall map the Northern States and territories, the Border States and the Confederate states. Describe consequence of Virginia’s decision to secede. How did Lincoln prevent Maryland and The District of Columbia from seceding? 4. Describe the first battle of the Civil War at Fort Sumter including location, causes of the battle, the events of the battle and outcome of the battle. Describe the mobilization of the Southern armies after Fort Sumter. Describe the mobilization of the Northern armies after Fort Sumter. 5. Describe the Southern overall strategy to win the Civil War. 6. Describe each part of General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan to fight the Civil War for the North. What did this plan mean for the Union Navy? What was the eventual economic impact on the South? 7. The Union and Confederate Navies innovated to better fight the war. Describe the design of the USS Monitor. Describe the design of the CSS Virginia (Merrimack). Detail the entire fight of these ironclads against each other and the outcome. What was the historical importance of this battle? 8. What were the two great theaters of fighting in the Civil War? Show them on the wall map. What fighting went on in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the War including fighting in Missouri, Indian Territory and New Mexico Territory? 9. Describe in general the Blockade Runners and their efforts to supply the South during the Civil War. Research the CSS Sumter and detail it’s exploits. Also detail the exploits commerce raider CSS Alabama. 10. Outline the 1861-late 1862 Eastern War Theater operations and show locations on the wall map. Outline the Peninsula Campaign of 1862. Outline the battles in northern Virginia and Maryland in 1862. Give names of the top generals in these battles. 11. Describe the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville 1862-1863. Give names of the top generals in these battles. 12. Why did Lee invade Pennsylvania in 1863? Describe the Battle of Gettysburg and its outcome. Who was the commanding Union General? 13. Outline the 1861-late 1862 Western War Theater operations and show locations on the wall map. Give names of the top generals and admirals in these operations. 14. Describe the several days of the Battle of Shiloh and the outcome. Describe the battle to capture New Orleans. Describe the Battle of Island Number 10. Give names of the top generals and admirals in these operations. 15. Describe the Vicksburg Campaigns December 1862 – July 1863, both the first and second campaigns. Give the names of the top generals and admirals of these campaigns. 16. Where were the battles of Tullahoma, Chickamauga and Chattanooga from June-December 1863? Outline the battles and give the names of the top generals in these operations. 17. Describe the Atlanta Campaign from May-September 1864. Who were the top generals in these battles? 18. Describe Sherman’s March to the Sea from November – December 1864. Why is this march historically important? 19. Outline and locate on the wall map the many battles between Grant and Lee in 1864-65. 20. Describe the Battle of the Wilderness and outcome. Describe the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and outcome. Describe the action at Bloody Angle. 21. Describe the Battle of Cold Harbor and outcome. How did Grant loose 12,000 men? What did Grant do anyways? 22. Describe the Siege of Petersburg in 1864-65. What was the style of warfare and why was this historically important? Describe the events related to the Battle of the Crater including how the battle came about, the combat and the outcome. 23. Outline the fighting in the Shenandoah Valley in 1864-65. Who were the generals and was the outcome? 24. How did Grant break Lee’s line in late March and early April 1865? Describe the race and battles between Lee and Grant forces during Lee’s retreat. Describe Lee’s final attack at Appomattox on April 9th and surrender. 25. What were the terms of surrender? What was the importance of Lee’s surrender? When and where was the actual last fight of the Civil War? 26. What were the costs of the war? Give the death toll for each side. Give the wounded numbers for each side. Give the grand total numbers of dead and wounded for the re-united United States Civil War. What were the economic costs of the war? Include in this part government money spending on each side as well as physical damage costs. What were the human costs? Critical Thinking 27. Compare the war aims and military strategy of the North and South. Why were the Southern goals more clearly defined than those of the North? 28. If you had been a southern sympathizer in 1862, why would you have thought that the Confederacy might win the war? Support with examples. 29. What was the significance of the battles at Gettysburg and Vicksburg? 30. General Sherman’s attitude toward the South was severe. He believed that old and young, rich and poor, should feel the hard hand of war. His goal was to destroy the enemy’s will to fight –whether they were soldiers or civilians. This is called “total war.” Do you accept this attitude? Why or why not? 31. Compare the death tolls in American lives lost in the following list of wars to the Civil War (Make a Chart): Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican American War, Spanish American War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Afghanistan and Iraq Wars, Indian Wars, and other conflicts. Add up all the deaths in all the listed wars and compare the grand total to the Civil War. Write about your findings.