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Chapter 5
The Glory of Greek Civilization
Multiple-Choice Questions (2.5 points each)
1. Minoan civilization was located in
a. Crete
b. Asia Minor
c. the Greek mainland
d. Syria
2. Minoan wealth was generated from
a. agriculture
b. sea trade c.
wool sales
d. porcelain exports
3. In
a.
b.
c.
d.
Greek mythology, Theseus is credited with
slaying the Minotaur
penetrating the walls of Troy
introducing democracy to Athens
inventing drama and tragedy
4. The Iliad and Odyssey are
a. tragic plays written by Sophocles
b. epic poems written by Homer
c. philosophical dialogues written by Plato d.
historical accounts written by Herodotus
5. The mountainous geography of Greece
a. prevented contacts with foreigners
b. was an obstacle to political unity
c. eliminated the risk of warfare
d. made astronomical observations possible
6. A polis was a
a. fast ship
b. popular myth
c. democracy
d. city-state
7. A "direct democracy" is a state in which
a. elected office holders represent their constituents
b. the executive branch is bound by the rule of law c. accused
criminals enjoy the benefit of a jury trial
d. citizens participate firsthand in making major decisions
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8. Which title is best for the outline below?
I._____________________________
1. The Assembly 2.
Council of 500
3. Trial juries
4. Position of general
a. Types of Greek poli
b. Examples of oligarchy in Greece c.
Athenian political opportunities
d. Positions available to all Athenians
9. Which of the following supports the argument that Athenian democracy was not fully
democratic?
a. a majority of the people in the city could not participate in government
b. even poor citizens were welcome at the Assembly and had legal rights
c. jury trials sometimes convicted innocent men like Socrates d.
generals who lost battles were typically exiled or executed
10. Socrates angered many powerful figures in Athens because he
a. foretold the end of the world
b. condemned the arts and literature
c. encouraged people to question everything
d. sought equal rights for women
11. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote
a. dialogues
b. tragedies c.
comedies d. histories
12. Which of the following statements about Sparta is not true?
a. Helot slaves performed virtually all the farming and craft work
b. The education system emphasized philosophy and the arts
c. Women enjoyed more freedom than in any other Greek city-state
d. Men lived in military barracks until the age of sixty
13.
"In Sparta, the life of the individual served the needs of the state."
The quote above makes the claim that Spartan culture emphasized the importance of
a. individuals
b. the community
c. long life
d. helping others
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14. Which title is best for the outline below?
I.___________________________________________
1. Marathon
2. Thermopylae
3. Salamis
a. Greek temples b.
Athenian leaders
c. Battles between the Greeks and Persians d.
Goddesses worshipped by Spartan warriors
15. Following the Persian Wars, Athens entered a period of
a. glory and power
b. defeat and decline
c. absorption by Egypt
d. subjugation by Minoans
16. The purpose of the Delian League was to
a. guard against Persian attacks
b. sponsor Athenian building projects
c. encourage technological improvements
d. educate sculptors in the latest techniques
17. The Athenian Age of Pericles was similar to the Guptan era in India and the T'ang
Dynasty in China in that
a. the risk of war was eliminated
b. taxes were not assessed against common people
c. creative scholars and artists produced great works
d. government became more democratic
18. The Peloponnesian War, fought between 431 and 404 B.C., ended in the defeat of
a. Athens by the Spartan army
b. Sparta by the Athenian army
c. Persia by the Spartan army
d. Macedonia by the Persian army
19. Philip II of Macedonia's dream was to
a. destroy Athens and seize its navy
b. educate his people with Aristotle's ideas
c. unify Greece and conquer Persia
d. persuade Athens and Sparta to stop fighting
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Hellenistic Age (to 31 B.C.)
Peloponnesian Wars
Alexander
Age of Pericles
Persian Wars
525 500 475 450 425 400 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 B.C.
Marathon 490
Thermopylae and Salamis 480
Socrates (470-399)
Plato (427-347)
Aristotle (384-322)
Philip II conquers Greece 338
Questions 20 and 21 refer to the timeline above and your knowledge of world history.
20. Which of the following claims is possible, given the information in the timeline?
a. Socrates was impressed with the leadership of Alexander the Great
b. Alexander the Great's conquests ushered in the Hellenistic Age
c. Pericles fought at the Battle of Marathon as a young man
d. The Age of Pericles ended when Athens lost the Persian Wars
21. Which of the following occurred during the Hellenistic Age?
a. Greek culture blended with the cultures of the Middle East
b. Alexander's empire remained intact, with Alexandria its capital
c. Trade declined and never returned to the levels that existed prior to Alexander's
conquests
d. Every male in the empire was compelled to marry a foreign woman
Framed Essay (15 points)
Select one of the following essay questions.
Choice One: Athenian and Spartan education
Write an essay that describes and analyzes the education of young men and women in both
Athens and Sparta. Your essay should conform to the following outline:
I.
An introduction to the two poli—their values and forms of government. The last sentence of this paragraph should introduce the theme of education
II. Athenian education (both men and women)
III. Advantages and disadvantages of Athenian education and values
IV. Spartan education (both men and women)
V. Conclusion
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Choice Two: Political leaders
Write an essay that discusses the goals, actions, and significance of two Greek or
Macedonian political leaders. For the purposes of this essay, you may write about any two of
the following:
•
•
•
•
Alexander the Great
Pericles
Alcibiades
Philip II
Your essay should conform to the following outline:
I.
II.
III.
III.
IV.
V.
An introduction that offers a definition of leadership and identifies the two leaders
you selected. Where did each figure come from? What was going on in the Greekspeaking world during each leader's lifetime?
Sketch of the career of the first figure you selected.
Your appraisal of the significance of the first figure you selected. What were the
effects (in both the short and long term) of his actions? Was he successful? Did he achieve
all his goals? Explain.
Sketch of the career of the second figure you selected.
Your appraisal of the significance of the second figure you selected. What were the effects
(in both the short and long term) of his actions? Was he successful? Did he achieve all his
goals? Explain.
Conclusion
Summary Chart (1 point each)
Complete the following graphic organizer on a separate sheet of paper. Identify accomplishments of Greek and Hellenistic civilization in the outer circles.
Contributions of Ancient Greece
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Document-Based Questions (Short Answers: 2 points each; Essay Task: 18.5
points)
Read the two documents, answer the questions below each, and complete the
task that follows Document Two.
Historical context statement:
The democratic system organized by the Athenian statesman Solon had its supporters and
detractors. The city-state's direct democracy was controversial.
Document One
From the Athenian writer Xenophon (427-355 B.C.), although some scholars attribute the
text to another writer known as "The Old Oligarch."
The writer criticizes the Athenian political system. When the writer uses the term "elite,"
he is referring to the aristocratic, privileged families that controlled Athens before it became a
democracy.
As for the constitution of the Athenians, their choice of this type of constitution I do not
approve, for in choosing thus they choose that thieves should fare better than the elite.
It may be said that they ought not to have allowed everyone in turn to make speeches or sit
on the Council, but only those of the highest capability and quality. As it is, anyone who wants,
a thief maybe, gets up and makes a speech, and devises what is to the advantage of himself
and those like him. From such procedure then a city would not attain the ideal, but the democracy would be best preserved. For it is the wish of the poor not that the state should be wellordered and the poor themselves in complete subjection, but that the poor should have their
freedom and be in control; disorderliness is of little consequence to it. From what you consider
lack of order come the strength and the liberty of the commons itself. If, on the other hand,
you investigate good order, first of all you will see that the most capable make laws for others;
then the elite will keep the thieves in check and will deliberate on matters of state, refusing to
allow madmen to sit on the Council or make speeches or attend the general assemblies. Such
advantages would indeed very soon throw the poor into complete subjection.
I say, then, that the poor at Athens realize which citizens are good and which are thieves. With
this knowledge, they favor those who are friendly and useful to them, even if they are thieves,
whereas they hate rather the elite. This type of constitution of the Athenians I do not approve,
but as they saw fit to be a democracy, in my opinion they preserve their democracy well by
employing the means I have pointed out.
Source: Fred Fling, ed., A Source Book of Greek History (Boston: D. C. Heath, 1907), pp. 155-159.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/424pol-athens.html
1. Why does this author dislike direct democracy?
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Document Two
Excerpt from the "Funeral Oration" by Pericles (495-429 B.C.) delivered around 430 B.C., honoring
the Athenian soldiers who died in the first year of the Peloponnesian War. It was reported by the
Greek historian Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War.
Let me say that our system of government does not copy the institutions of our neighbours. It is
more the case of our being a model to others, than our imitating anyone else. Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole
people. When it is a question of settling private disputes, everyone is equal before the law;
when it is a question of putting one person before another in positions of public responsibility,
what counts is not membership of a particular class, but the actual ability which the man possesses. . . . Here each individual is interested not only in his own affairs but in the affairs of the
state as well.
Source: Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Charles Forster Smith.
London: Penguin Books, 1972, pp. 145, 147.
1. Does Pericles support or oppose democracy? Explain. (Provide a quote to support your
claim.)
2. According to Pericles, how are government positions filled?
Task: Write a fully developed paragraph that discusses the Athenian political system.
How did it work? What do the two writers have to say about Athenian
democracy?
What is your opinion of the Athenian system?
Your essay should include an introduction that adapts the Historical Context
Statement, 2-3 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. You should blend what you learned
in the chapter with your interpretation of the two documents.
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