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It's Always Tougher in Russia By: Mandy Quan, Ken Zou, and Jonathan Kermah Lakes • Russia has two lakes. • They are Lake Baikal and the Caspian Sea. Lake Baikal • Lake Baikal is located high up in the Central Siberian Plateau in southern Siberia at 53 degrees north and 108 degrees east. • It is the world's oldest lake at more than 30 million years old. • It is also the world's deepest freshwater lake and it holds 20% of the world's supply of unfrozen freshwater. Problem • The Paper-and-Pulp located nearby at Baikalsk is heavily polluting the lake and nearby areas. Lake Baikal Pollution of Lake Baikal Caspian Sea • The Caspian Sea is located in southwest Russia at 40 degrees north and 51 degrees east. • It is about the size of California and it is the largest inland body of water in the world. • The Caspian Sea is really a lake, not a sea and it has saltwater, not freshwater. • Russia shares this lake with four other countries. Problem • The Caspian Sea is being polluted by the Volga River. • There is also oil underground the Caspian Sea which causes other countries to fight for it. An oil rig on the Caspian Sea Seas • Russia has many seas because it is a very vast country. • One of Russia's most important seas is the Black Sea. Black Sea • The Black Sea is located to the southwest of Russia at 44 degrees north and 35 degrees east. • Through this sea, Russia gains access to the Mediterranean Sea which is vital for trade. Problem • There is too much algal growth which creates less and less oxygen the water. • There are also many pollutants in the sea from oil spills. A shipwreck pollutes the waters of the Black Sea Mountain Ranges • There are many mountains in Russia because it is a very rugged country. • Many of the mountains are located in Siberia and in the western part of Russia. Urals Mountains • The Urals Mountains are located in western Russia. • They are very old and worn out by erosion so they are not very high. • They are quite extensive though, running about 2,500 miles from the Arctic Ocean to Russia's southern boundary. Urals Mountains Problem • The problem with the Urals Mountains is that there is a lot of radiation pollution in the air from nuclear facilities made by the Soviet Union. Caucasus Mountains • The Caucasus Mountains are found in southwest Russia. • They separate southwestern Russia from Southwest Asia. • They are thickly covered with pine trees and many other different kinds of trees. • The Caucasus are much taller than the Urals Mountains. • The highest mountain of this range is Mt. Elbrus which is 18,510 feet tall. • Mt. Elbrus is also the tallest peak on the European continent. Rivers • There are many rivers in Russia. • The longest river is the Volga River. Volga River • It is the longest river in Europe. • It is also an important transportation route which is connected by canals. Problem • The Volga River drains 20% of European land area. • It is the source of 80% of Caspian Sea's fresh water inflow. • It also brings chemicals into the Caspian Sea. Peninsulas Kamchatka Peninsula • There are many mountains located on this peninsula. • Most of the mountains are part of the Ring of Fire. • The Kamchatka Peninsula is located on the eastern part of Russia at 62 degrees north and 165 degrees east. Problem • There are many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes that occur on this peninsula. • This peninsula is also full of toxic from the Soviet Union. THE END! (;