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WESTAFRICA/ISLAM–STATION1
1. WestAfricankingdomsgrewpowerfulbecausetheycontrolledtradeonthetrans-Sharantraderoutes.
2. WestAfricankingdomwereGhana,Mali,andSonghai.Theytradedingoldandsalt.
3. ThekingdomofMalihelpedspreadIslam,helpedturnTimbuktuintoacenterforcultureandlearning,and
MansaMusaistheirmostfamousking.
4. MansaMusa’spilgrimagetoMeccaledtoIslamiclearningandcultureexpandinginMali.
5. CulturaldiffusionhelpedleadtothespreadofIslamintoWestAfrica.
6. ComplexandwealthycivilizationsexistedinWestAfricabeforetheEuropeansarrived.
7. WestAfricaKingdomshadcitiesdevelopingbecausenaturalresourcesaroundthemwereinhighdemand
andtherewereoverlandtraderoutestoconnectthemtoNorthAfrica.
8. MuslimspracticetheIslamicReligionandmustmakeapilgrimagetoMeccaonceintheirlifetime.
CHINESEDYNASTIES–STATION2
9. DuringtheTangDynasty,BuddhismwasreadilyacceptedintoChineseculturebecauseitgavepeoplehope
duringatimeofstruggleandsuffering.
10. MostoftheChinesedynastiestradedwithothernationsandregionsusingtheSilkRoad.
11. ConfuciustaughttheideaofFilialpietywhichisarespectforone’sfather,eldersandancestors.
12. Confuciusbelievedthatagoodrulerneedstoleadwithvirtueandrulesofpropriety,whicharestandardsof
behaviorormorals.
13. Neo-ConfucianismisacombinationofConfucianism,Buddhism,andDaoism.
14. ChinesecivilserviceexamsarebasedontheteachingsofConfucius.
15. TheTangandSongdynastiesusedtheCivilServiceexamsbecauseConfucianismtaughtasystemofethics
andmorals.ChineserulersthoughtpeoplewhostudiedConfucianismwouldmakegoodgovernmentofficials.
16. Chinawasthefirsttodevelopgunpowder,compass,paper,woodblockprinting,andpapermoney.
17. TheYuanDynastywascreatedbytheMongolleaderKublaiKhan.
18. ChineseDynastyTimeline=Tang,Song,Yuan,andMing
19. TheMingDynastybroughtpeaceandordertoChinaaftertheMongolruleoftheYuanDynasty.
20. TheMingDynastyrepairedtheGreatWallofChina,createdtheForbiddenCity,stoppedallseavoyages,
bannedtradewithothercountriesbecausetheydidnotthinktheycouldlearnanythingnewfromother
countries.
MIDDLEAGESJAPAN–STATION3
21. Japan’straditionalnativereligionwasShinto.
22. Samurai,Japanesewarriors,livedbytheCodeofBushido.
23. Samurailedbyexampleandhadahighmoralandethicalcodeofbehavior.
24. DuringtheGoldenoftheHeianPeriodnobleslivedinleisure,literatureflourished,andtheTaleofGenjiwas
written.
25. TheJapaneseFeudalhierarchy:Emperor,Shogun,Daimyo,Samurai,Farmers,Artisans,andMerchants.
CHURCHCONTROVERSIES–STATION4
26. MonasticismhelpedspreadChristianitytoruralareas.MonkshelpedtospreadChristianityallthrough
Europe.
27. TheRomanCatholicChurchwasthemostpowerfulinstitutioninWesternEuropebeforetheendofthe
Crusades.
28. ThefirstuniversitiesinEuropewerecreatedandbasedonthecontributionsofRomanCatholicMonasteries.
29. TheInvestitureControversywasafightforpowerbetweentheKingHenryIVandPopeGregoryVII.
30. PopeGregoryVIIexcommunicatedKingHenryIV.
31. TheConcordatofWormsendedtheInvestitureControversy.
32. TheReformersoriginallyencouragedtheCatholicChurchtochangeitspolicies.
33. TheCounter-ReformationandtheCouncilofTrentmadedecisionstryingtorestorefaithintheCatholic
Church.
MIDDLEAGESEUROPE–STATION5
34. SeparationofPowersisaRomanLegacyofgovernmentphilosophyusedbytheUnitedStates.
35. Domes,Arches,Aqueducts,theLatinLanguageandtheRomanCatholicChurcharelegaciesoftheRoman
Empire
36. Constantinoplewaseasytodefend,amajorcrossroadsbetweenEuropeandAsia,andwaseffectedby
culturaldiffusion.
37. Justinian’scodeisstillsignificanttoday.
38. Manorialismdealswithtownsandmanors.
39. Feudalismdealswitheconomicsandpolitics.
40. FeudalismbeganinEuropewithoftheFallofRomeandtheRomanEmpire.
GEOGRAPHY–STATION6
41. KnowthelocationsofMediterraneanSea,Alps,Ural,NorthEuropeanPlain,IberianPeninsula,Spain,
Portugal,China,Japan,andItaly.Trans-SharanTradeRoutesandtheSilkRoad.
42. IberianPeninsula=SpainandPortugal
EVENTSINTHEMIDDLEAGES–STATION7
43. WilliamofDukeofNormandyearnedthetitleTheConquerorwhenhewontheBattleofHastingsin1066.
44. ConsequencesoftheNormanInvasion:Normans(France)ruledEngland,newlawspassedtogiveNormans
morepower,andFrenchbecometheofficiallanguageofcourtinEngland.
45. Judaism,Christianity,andIslamallconsiderJerusalemaholycity.ThisledtotheCrusades.Afterthecrusades
wealthyEuropeansbegantodemandtheeasterngoodsthattheyhadheardaboutfromcrusaders.
46. TheBubonicPlaguewasalsoknownasBlackDeath.TheincreasedtradebetweenAsia,Europe,andAfrica
wasoneofthereasonsthattheBubonicPlaguespreadsoquickly.
47. AfterthePlague,wagesrosebecausetherewaslesspeopletoworkandtradedeclined.
48. KingFerdinandandQueenIsabellwantedtoreclaimtheIberianPeninsulafortheCatholicChurch.They
drovetheMuslimsandJewsoutofSpain.ThiswascalledtheReconquista.
49. The100YearsWar:Lasted116years,ayoungpeasantgirl,JoanofArc,ledtheFrenchtovictory,andit
causedreligious,economic,andpoliticalinstabilityacrossWesternEurope.
50. JoanofArcwasabletogeneratesupportforthedauphin(prince)andhelpedhimbecrownedKingofFrance.
RENAISSANCE/REFORMATIONERA–STATION8
51. Gutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Theprintingpressmadebooksavailabletomanypeopleinthe
vernacular(everydaylanguageofthepeople)language.Thismadebookscheaperandquickertoproduce.
52. TheprintingpressmadeitmoredifficultfortheCatholicChurchtocontrolreligiousideas.
53. TheRomanCatholicChurchwasadamantlyagainstprintingthebibleintothevernacularlanguages.They
wanteditinLatinonly.
54. DuringtheRenaissancepeoplebecamemoresecular.Theybecamemorefocusedonthisworldinsteadof
gettingintoheaven.
55. Humanismisasystemofvaluesandbeliefsthatisbasedontheideathatpeoplearebasicallygoodand
problemscanbesolvedusingreasoninsteadofreligion.
56. WesternEuropegainnewknowledgethatledtotheRenaissanceandthestudyofancientRomanandGreek
worksfromthecrusadersreturningfromcontactwithMuslimscholarsandfromtheMoorishScholarsin
Spain.
57. ReformationReformersaccusedtheCatholicChurchofthefollowingabuses:chargingforbaptisms,selling
indulgencestopardonsins,ultimateauthorityofthechurchratherthanthebibleandaccumulationofgreat
wealthbychurchleaders.
58. MartinLutherstartedtheReformationMovementwithhis95Thesis.
59. JohnCalvinstartedCalvinism.JohnCalvinbelievedintheabsolutepoweroffaith,predestination,and
individualcontrolofpersonalbehavior.
60. JohnCalvinhadtoleaveFranceandfledtoGeneva,Switzerland.