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WESTAFRICA/ISLAM–STATION1 1. WestAfricankingdomsgrewpowerfulbecausetheycontrolledtradeonthetrans-Sharantraderoutes. 2. WestAfricankingdomwereGhana,Mali,andSonghai.Theytradedingoldandsalt. 3. ThekingdomofMalihelpedspreadIslam,helpedturnTimbuktuintoacenterforcultureandlearning,and MansaMusaistheirmostfamousking. 4. MansaMusa’spilgrimagetoMeccaledtoIslamiclearningandcultureexpandinginMali. 5. CulturaldiffusionhelpedleadtothespreadofIslamintoWestAfrica. 6. ComplexandwealthycivilizationsexistedinWestAfricabeforetheEuropeansarrived. 7. WestAfricaKingdomshadcitiesdevelopingbecausenaturalresourcesaroundthemwereinhighdemand andtherewereoverlandtraderoutestoconnectthemtoNorthAfrica. 8. MuslimspracticetheIslamicReligionandmustmakeapilgrimagetoMeccaonceintheirlifetime. CHINESEDYNASTIES–STATION2 9. DuringtheTangDynasty,BuddhismwasreadilyacceptedintoChineseculturebecauseitgavepeoplehope duringatimeofstruggleandsuffering. 10. MostoftheChinesedynastiestradedwithothernationsandregionsusingtheSilkRoad. 11. ConfuciustaughttheideaofFilialpietywhichisarespectforone’sfather,eldersandancestors. 12. Confuciusbelievedthatagoodrulerneedstoleadwithvirtueandrulesofpropriety,whicharestandardsof behaviorormorals. 13. Neo-ConfucianismisacombinationofConfucianism,Buddhism,andDaoism. 14. ChinesecivilserviceexamsarebasedontheteachingsofConfucius. 15. TheTangandSongdynastiesusedtheCivilServiceexamsbecauseConfucianismtaughtasystemofethics andmorals.ChineserulersthoughtpeoplewhostudiedConfucianismwouldmakegoodgovernmentofficials. 16. Chinawasthefirsttodevelopgunpowder,compass,paper,woodblockprinting,andpapermoney. 17. TheYuanDynastywascreatedbytheMongolleaderKublaiKhan. 18. ChineseDynastyTimeline=Tang,Song,Yuan,andMing 19. TheMingDynastybroughtpeaceandordertoChinaaftertheMongolruleoftheYuanDynasty. 20. TheMingDynastyrepairedtheGreatWallofChina,createdtheForbiddenCity,stoppedallseavoyages, bannedtradewithothercountriesbecausetheydidnotthinktheycouldlearnanythingnewfromother countries. MIDDLEAGESJAPAN–STATION3 21. Japan’straditionalnativereligionwasShinto. 22. Samurai,Japanesewarriors,livedbytheCodeofBushido. 23. Samurailedbyexampleandhadahighmoralandethicalcodeofbehavior. 24. DuringtheGoldenoftheHeianPeriodnobleslivedinleisure,literatureflourished,andtheTaleofGenjiwas written. 25. TheJapaneseFeudalhierarchy:Emperor,Shogun,Daimyo,Samurai,Farmers,Artisans,andMerchants. CHURCHCONTROVERSIES–STATION4 26. MonasticismhelpedspreadChristianitytoruralareas.MonkshelpedtospreadChristianityallthrough Europe. 27. TheRomanCatholicChurchwasthemostpowerfulinstitutioninWesternEuropebeforetheendofthe Crusades. 28. ThefirstuniversitiesinEuropewerecreatedandbasedonthecontributionsofRomanCatholicMonasteries. 29. TheInvestitureControversywasafightforpowerbetweentheKingHenryIVandPopeGregoryVII. 30. PopeGregoryVIIexcommunicatedKingHenryIV. 31. TheConcordatofWormsendedtheInvestitureControversy. 32. TheReformersoriginallyencouragedtheCatholicChurchtochangeitspolicies. 33. TheCounter-ReformationandtheCouncilofTrentmadedecisionstryingtorestorefaithintheCatholic Church. MIDDLEAGESEUROPE–STATION5 34. SeparationofPowersisaRomanLegacyofgovernmentphilosophyusedbytheUnitedStates. 35. Domes,Arches,Aqueducts,theLatinLanguageandtheRomanCatholicChurcharelegaciesoftheRoman Empire 36. Constantinoplewaseasytodefend,amajorcrossroadsbetweenEuropeandAsia,andwaseffectedby culturaldiffusion. 37. Justinian’scodeisstillsignificanttoday. 38. Manorialismdealswithtownsandmanors. 39. Feudalismdealswitheconomicsandpolitics. 40. FeudalismbeganinEuropewithoftheFallofRomeandtheRomanEmpire. GEOGRAPHY–STATION6 41. KnowthelocationsofMediterraneanSea,Alps,Ural,NorthEuropeanPlain,IberianPeninsula,Spain, Portugal,China,Japan,andItaly.Trans-SharanTradeRoutesandtheSilkRoad. 42. IberianPeninsula=SpainandPortugal EVENTSINTHEMIDDLEAGES–STATION7 43. WilliamofDukeofNormandyearnedthetitleTheConquerorwhenhewontheBattleofHastingsin1066. 44. ConsequencesoftheNormanInvasion:Normans(France)ruledEngland,newlawspassedtogiveNormans morepower,andFrenchbecometheofficiallanguageofcourtinEngland. 45. Judaism,Christianity,andIslamallconsiderJerusalemaholycity.ThisledtotheCrusades.Afterthecrusades wealthyEuropeansbegantodemandtheeasterngoodsthattheyhadheardaboutfromcrusaders. 46. TheBubonicPlaguewasalsoknownasBlackDeath.TheincreasedtradebetweenAsia,Europe,andAfrica wasoneofthereasonsthattheBubonicPlaguespreadsoquickly. 47. AfterthePlague,wagesrosebecausetherewaslesspeopletoworkandtradedeclined. 48. KingFerdinandandQueenIsabellwantedtoreclaimtheIberianPeninsulafortheCatholicChurch.They drovetheMuslimsandJewsoutofSpain.ThiswascalledtheReconquista. 49. The100YearsWar:Lasted116years,ayoungpeasantgirl,JoanofArc,ledtheFrenchtovictory,andit causedreligious,economic,andpoliticalinstabilityacrossWesternEurope. 50. JoanofArcwasabletogeneratesupportforthedauphin(prince)andhelpedhimbecrownedKingofFrance. RENAISSANCE/REFORMATIONERA–STATION8 51. Gutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Theprintingpressmadebooksavailabletomanypeopleinthe vernacular(everydaylanguageofthepeople)language.Thismadebookscheaperandquickertoproduce. 52. TheprintingpressmadeitmoredifficultfortheCatholicChurchtocontrolreligiousideas. 53. TheRomanCatholicChurchwasadamantlyagainstprintingthebibleintothevernacularlanguages.They wanteditinLatinonly. 54. DuringtheRenaissancepeoplebecamemoresecular.Theybecamemorefocusedonthisworldinsteadof gettingintoheaven. 55. Humanismisasystemofvaluesandbeliefsthatisbasedontheideathatpeoplearebasicallygoodand problemscanbesolvedusingreasoninsteadofreligion. 56. WesternEuropegainnewknowledgethatledtotheRenaissanceandthestudyofancientRomanandGreek worksfromthecrusadersreturningfromcontactwithMuslimscholarsandfromtheMoorishScholarsin Spain. 57. ReformationReformersaccusedtheCatholicChurchofthefollowingabuses:chargingforbaptisms,selling indulgencestopardonsins,ultimateauthorityofthechurchratherthanthebibleandaccumulationofgreat wealthbychurchleaders. 58. MartinLutherstartedtheReformationMovementwithhis95Thesis. 59. JohnCalvinstartedCalvinism.JohnCalvinbelievedintheabsolutepoweroffaith,predestination,and individualcontrolofpersonalbehavior. 60. JohnCalvinhadtoleaveFranceandfledtoGeneva,Switzerland.