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Communication
Applications
Chapter 5
Understanding Nonverbal
Communication
Principles of Nonverbal
Communication
 Section 1 Objectives
 1. Describe nonverbal communications.
 2. Explain the functions of nonverbal
communication.
 3. Describe the characteristics of nonverbal
communication.
 Nonverbal Communication is defined as
a system of symbolic behaviors that
includes all forms of communication
except words.
Functions of Nonverbal
Communication
 Relates to Verbal Communication
 Reinforces - nonverbal messages support the
verbal message.
 Contradicts – nonverbal messages do not support
the verbal message.
 Substitutes – stands in for a verbal message
 Conveys Emotional & Relationship Dimensions
 Feelings – showing your feelings without actually
saying the words.
 Relationships – showing a relationship without
actually saying the words.
Characteristics of Nonverbal
Communication
 Subconscious – we are not usually aware of the
messages we send nonverbally.
 A person is frowning.
 Contextual – it depends on the situation in which it
occurred.
 They may be concentrating on passing a test.
 Ambiguous – open to interpretation and often
confusing.
 You may think that they are in a bad mood.
 Cultural – a nonverbal message in one culture may
send a different message in another culture.
 Your tone of voice or eye contact.
Using Nonverbal Communication to
Create a Professional Image
 Section 2 Objectives
 1. Explain how nonverbal skills can convey the
confidence, poise, assertiveness, and immediacy
needed for a positive image in professional and
social contexts.
 2. Describe the types of nonverbal communication
and their possible effects.
 3. Describe the four characteristics of voice.
 4. Recognize the importance of effective nonverbal
strategies such as a firm handshake, direct eye
contact, and appropriate use of space and distance.
Characteristics of a Positive
Professional Image
 Confidence – a
 Assertiveness –
strong voice and an
attentive and positive
attitude
 Poise – the ability to
“read” any situation
and respond
appropriately, they
“keep their cool”
confident of yourself
and your opinions or
beliefs and are not
afraid to take a stand
when necessary
 Immediacy –
perceived by others
as approachable,
friendly, and open
Types of Nonverbal Communication
 Voice
 Pitch
 Range
 Volume
Tone
Pause
Inflection
 Body Talk
 Posture
 Dress
 Eye contact
Movement
Grooming
Facial
 Environmental Cues
 Touch
 Time
 Space
Distance
Fragrance
Odor
Voice as Nonverbal
Communication
 Characteristics of Voice
 Pitch – highness or lowness of sound on a musical
scale
 High, medium, or low.
 Range – Highest to lowest
 Inflection – rising and falling of pitch
 Volume – how loud or soft
 Tone – a specific vocal quality
 Duration
 Rate – how fast or slow a person speaks
 Tempo – the rhythmic quality of a person’s speech
 Cues that
Accompany Speech
 Pauses – a short
period of nonverbal
communication
 Silence – longer
period of nonverbal
communication
 Laughter – it can be
funny or cruel
 Vocalizations – sighs,
whines, or throat
clearing.
Body Talk as Nonverbal
Communication
 Personal Appearance
 Dress – how you dress can
influence the way others see you
 Grooming – shows others if you
take pride in your appearance
 Hair and Face
 Kinesics – nonverbal
messages we send with our
bodies
 Posture – how you sit or stand
 Muscular Tone & Tension – Are
you “uptight” or “relaxed”?
 Be aware of what you are saying
with your body.
 Movement– aka “gait” – the way
you walk or move from one place
to another.
 Don’t shuffle or drag your feet
 Gestures – a movement of any
part of the body that reinforces
another message or acts as a
substitute for speech.
 Tapping your foot, nodding your
head
 Facial Communication – facial
expressions may last just a split
second, but can communicate a
whole lot about your feelings
 Making and keeping eye contact is
an important aspect of body talk.
Environmental Cues as Nonverbal
Communication
 Spatial Communication – your perception and use of
space – the way you use space and distance is highly
personal.
 Intimate Distance – up to eighteen inches from your body,
communication in this space is very personal
 Personal Distance – from eighteen inches to four feet from
the body, your own space to move freely
 Social Distance – four feet to twelve feet from the body
 Public Distance – twelve feet to twenty-five feet from the
body, public speaking
 Fit your use of space to the context of the situation.
 Territory – people will identify a
space or territory, “your” desk.
 Sometimes hostilities can develop
over territories that have been
violated by others.
 How you use and maintain your
territory can send a variety of
messages about you.
 Organized – everything in it’s place
 Disorganized – everything everywhere
 Welcome – make visitors relax
 Not Welcome – no personal touch
 Touch – use the appropriate
touch for the context of the
situation.
 Firm handshake, but don’t hold on
too long
 Time Communication
 Sending Messages with Time-if
you are always late, you appear to
not care
 Time Management-everyone has
the same 24 hour day
 Arrange your day into “slices” of
time (figure 5-6 pg 161)
 Learn to say “No” when you need
to do so
 Artifacts – articles of adornment you
use to decorate yourself or your
surroundings
 Jewelry, clothes, pictures, etc…
 Objects – all the materials you keep in
your space or take with you
 Backpack, purse, notebook, etc…
 Color – it is used to grab attention or to
convey a feeling
 Red will grab attention
 Green and brown are soothing
 Fragrance and Odor – smell is
believed to provide most direct link to
emotions
 Scented candles, air fresheners, perfume,
etc… can bring to mind memories or relax
you