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Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 3 Practice Packet: The Cell
Ms. Chung
I. Key vocabulary: Please be familiar with the following terms – their function, structure, etc. I
recommend making flashcards to help practice:
Ch.4
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Light microscope
Cell theory
Electron microscope
Cytosol
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleoid
Flagella
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Organelles
Cellular metabolism
Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Endomembrane system
Vesicles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Gogli apparatus
Lysosome
Central vacuole
Ch.5 (5.1-5.9)
 Fluid mosaic model
 Selectively permeable
 Attachment protein
 Receptor protein
 Channel protein
 Active transport protein
 Junction protein
 Glycoprotein
 Diffusion
 Passive transport
 Osmosis
 Tonicity
 Osmoregulation
 Hypotonic
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Plant vacuole
Contractile vacuole
Food vacuole
Peroxisome
Mitochondria
o Mitochondrial matrix
o Cristae
Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Granum
Endosymbiont theory
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Centrosome
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Cilia
Extracellular matrix
Integrins
Tight junctions
Anchoring junctions
Gap junctions
Cell walls
Plasmodesmata
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Isotonic
Hypertonic
Turgid
Flaccid
Plasmolyzed
Facilitated diffusion
Aquaporin
Active transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 3 Practice Packet: The Cell
II. Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer of the following choices
1) Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
B) Lysosomes are produced by the smooth ER and golgi bodies.
C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
E) None of the above
2) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called
A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) chromosomes.
D) nucleoli.
E) none of the above
3) The function of the nucleolus is
A) to manufacture polypeptides.
B) to manufacture messenger RNA.
C) intracellular digestion.
D) to store chromatin.
E) none of the above.
4) Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?
A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
B) Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure.
C) Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
D) Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
E) None of the above.
5) As cell size increases, the
A) volume and surface area decrease.
B) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
C) surface area increases proportionally more than the volume.
D) ratio of surface area to volume stays the same.
E) none of the above.
6) Which of the following statements about cells is true?
A) All cells have cell walls.
B) All cells have internal structures that move.
C) All cells are attached to other cells.
D) All cells are motile.
E) All of the above.
7) Light microscopes
A) typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.
B) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.
C) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
Ms. Chung
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 3 Practice Packet: The Cell
D) are generally not used to view bacteria.
E) none of the above.
Ms. Chung
8) Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What
should you do?
A) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece must be
dissolved separately, the drop will last longer.
B) Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the
dissolution of the cough drop.
C) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This decreases the surface-tovolume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
D) It doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop is
all that matters.
9) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
A) membrane-bound nucleus
B) nucleoid
C) chromosome
D) ribosomes
10) Which of the following structures is/are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?
A) flagella
B) nucleoid
C) anchoring junctions
D) capsule
11) The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the
A) plasma membrane.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisome.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) none of the above.
12) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
C) produces proteins for cell membranes.
D) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
13) Secretory proteins are
A) produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) chemically modified in the nucleus.
C) produced by the cell for internal use.
D) released from the cell through the plasma membrane.
14) The Golgi apparatus
A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.
B) stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins.
D) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 3 Practice Packet: The Cell
Ms. Chung
15) Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
A) The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
B) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
C) The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
D) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
E) None of the above.
16) The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a
mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.
A) stroma
B) intermembrane space
C) cristae
D) matrix
E) None of the above.
17) The stroma is the
A) thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane.
B) watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
C) space between the inner and outer membranes of a chloroplast.
D) space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion.
18) Intermediate filaments
A) guide the movements of chromosomes.
B) surround the nucleus.
C) guide the movements of organelles.
D) support the inner mitochondrial membrane.
E) none of the above.
19) A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt
A) the amoeboid motion of a cell.
B) the function of lysosomes.
C) contraction of muscle cells.
D) the movements of sperm cells.
20) Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by
A) basal bodies.
B) anchoring junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) communicating junctions.
E) none of the above.
21) Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) golgi bodies
D) centrioles
22) The fluid
mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 3 Practice Packet: The Cell
A) a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates.
B) two layers of phospholipids with cholesterol sandwiched between them.
C) carbohydrates and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane.
D) diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.
E) none of the above.
Ms. Chung
23) The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes
A) is attached to membrane proteins and extends into the watery environment surrounding the cell.
B) helps to keep phospholipids from being too close to one another.
C) is an abnormality resulting from a diet high in cholesterol.
D) helps solidify the membranes when the room temperature is below freezing.
24) Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that
A) anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.
B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
C) glucose cannot enter the cell.
D) plasma membranes must be very thick.
E) none of the above.
25) Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids
A) easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.
B) very slowly diffuse through a membrane's lipid bilayer.
C) require transport proteins to pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.
D) are actively transported across cell membranes
E) none of the above
26) Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water
from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment
A) is isotonic to the protozoan.
B) is hypotonic to the protozoan.
C) contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan.
D) is hypertonic to the protozoan.
27) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its
concentration gradient.
A) energy and transport proteins; down
B) transport proteins; down
C) energy and transport proteins; against
D) transport proteins; against
E) none of the above
III. Open-ended questions:
1. Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells by making a Venn diagram
2. Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts by making a Venn diagram
3. Describe what would happen if a red blood cell (solute concentration: 0.7 M) were placed in the
following environments:
a. Saline solution (2 M)
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 3 Practice Packet: The Cell
b. Distilled water (0 M)
4. Why does water need aquaporins to go through the cell membrane?
Ms. Chung