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ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS Drugs Classification Tradename Propofol Gen anaesthetic (sedativehypnotic) Propavan Route of Admini stratio n IV Indications ContraIndications Withdrawal Time Major drug Interaction Dosage -induction and maintenance of gen anaesthesia -drug hypersensiti vity None indicated -Propofol w/ preanaesthetics eg. Acepromazine, opiates may lead to increased vasodilation + -ve cardiac inotropy Dogs and cats 4-8 mg/kg IV -sedation of surgical and diagnostic procedures Thiopental sodium Gen anaesthetic (barbiturate) Thiopental (thiopenton e 1g) Injection B.P. IV -induction of general anaesthesia -absence of suitable veins for IV admin -drug hypersensiti vity -status asthmaticus -severe cardiovascul ar disease/pree xisting ventricular arrhythmias, shock -increased intracranial pressure, myasthenia gravis -increased intracranial pressure, myasthenia gravis, asthma, conditions where hypnotic effects may be prolonged -use with Opiate premedicant -increased bradycardia Concurrent use of barbiturates and benzodiazepines may result in additive respiratory depression. Dogs 13-26 mg/kg bw Cats 17.526 mg/kg bw Equines-w/ preanaestheti c , 613mg/kg bw w/o preanaesth etic 915.5mg/kg (note larger dose for smaller healthier animals, smallest dose for larger, debilitated animals) Bovines 136 kg and over: 8.215.4 mg/kg ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS Ketamine Xylazine Xylazine Gen Anaesthetic (fast-acting dissociative) Sedative, analgesic, muscle relaxant (α2-agonist) Sedative, analgesic, muscle relaxant (α2-agonist) Ketamin 10% (100mg) Xylazin 2% Xylaze 100 IV, parent eral admini stratio n in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, goats and swine -for induction of anaesthesia in combination w/ alpha2-agonists, bendodiazepine s, neuroteptics IV, parent eral admini stratio n in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, goats and swine -dosedependent sedation and analgesia -premedication for surgery IM/IV -analgesic, sedative and muscle relaxant for use in horses and deer -drug hypersensiti vity Meat, milk and offal=0 hrs Chloramphenicolmay prolong anesthetic effects CNS depressants: May prolong anaesthetic recovery time Shock, cardiac incompeten ce, late pregnancymay cause premature parturition, severe resp depression, animals receiving epinephrine / having ventricular arrythmias Shock, cardiac incompeten ce, late pregnancy, severe resp depression Meat, milk and offal=0 hrs Neuromuscular blockers: May cause enhanced/prolonge d resp depression -Used with Acepromazinegenerally safe, potential for hypnotic effect -Chloramphenicolprolonged sedation and GI stasis -CNS depressant agent may lead to additive CNS depression 3 days Local anaesthetic Lidocaina (over) 2% IM, epidura l -Infiltration anaesthesia or nervous blockade -drug hypersensiti vity 36hrs Dogs: 1.1mg/kg IV Cats: 1.1mg/kg IV Horses 1.1 mg/kg IV Sheep and goats: 0.01mg/kg IV Used with Acepromazinegenerally safe, potential for hypnotic effect Horse0.651.1ml/ 100kg Slow IV -Chloramphenicolprolonged sedation and GI stasis Deer-0.11.6ml/40kg IM or IV depending on species and route. Anterior half of neck in food animals -CNS depressant agent may lead to additive CNS depression Lidocaine Dogs: 0.11mg/kg Antiarrythmiasmay cause additive or antagonistic ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS -Epidural anaesthesia (large animals)lower part 320ml according to size, upper part 20-120ml according to size Bupivacain e Local Anaesthetic (Amino amide) Bupivacaine 0.5% NButylscopa lammoniu m Quaternary Ammonium antispasmodic and anticholinergic Buscopan compositum 100ml Morphine sulphate Opiate agonist Morphine sulphate injection 15mg Natrium Pentobarb ital Barbiturate Natrium Pentobarbit al 20% (Nembutal) Epidura l, intraart icular IM, IV, SC IV, IP, IM Small anmals1ml every 2.5 k.l.w. -nerve block, caudal and cranial epidural anaesthesia Control of abdominal pain associated w/ spasmodic colic, flatulent colic, and simple impactions in horses, aid in performing rectal exams Treatment of acute pain in dogs, cats, horses, bovine, sheep and goats -Preanaesthetic in dogs -antitussive, antidiarrheal + adjunctive therapy for some cardiac abnormalities in dogs -Induction of anaesthesia followed by inhalation anaesthesia and general anaesthesia in dogs -Euthanasia -serious hepatic/ cardiac damage -Drug hypersensiti vity Iinflamed/inf ected tissue, damaged skin -horses with impaction colic associated with ileus/ those w/ glaucoma -DO NOT use in horses intended for food -drug hypersensiti vity cardiac effects and enhanced toxicity None Indicated None indicated 0.3mg/kg horses Metaclopramidecounteract action on GI smooth muscle Not indicated -Diarrhoea caused by toxic ingestion -drug hypersensiti vity hypovolaemi c, anemic, cardiac and resp disease, nephritis, Atropine-additive effect CNS depressantsmay cause increased CNS and resp depression Dose dependent on desired effect -w/ muscle relaxant may lead to increased muscular blockade Not indicated -Acetaminophen increases risk of hepatotoxicity Induction of anaesthesi a- 30mg/kg b.w., IV, or IP Prolong narcosis- ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS severe resp disease, severe liver disease Diazepam Anti-anxiety anticonvulsant (Benzodiazepine ) . Valium IV Anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, hypnotic, appetite stimulants, anticonvulsant activities -Preanaesthetia protocol for neuroleptoanal gesia -treatment of status epilepticus and cluster seizures in dogs -drug hypersensiti vity -cats exposed to chlorpyrifos, may potentiate organophos phate toxicity Animals that have ingested human sleep aids Precaution: Administer slowly, binds to plastic 5mg/kg bw IV every hr When premedica ted with sedative, reduce dose 50% or more None indicated Antacids may decrease oral drug absorption -Antifungals, azolemay increase diazepam levels -cimetidine may decrease metabolism Euthanasia -Dogs: 6ml/10kg fast IV or intracardia c Cats: 3ml intraperito neal/ intracardia c Vary with species and indications