Download LAS lab 1-Anaesthetics 2

ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS
Drugs
Classification
Tradename
Propofol
Gen anaesthetic
(sedativehypnotic)
Propavan
Route
of
Admini
stratio
n
IV
Indications
ContraIndications
Withdrawal
Time
Major drug
Interaction
Dosage
-induction and
maintenance of
gen anaesthesia
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
None
indicated
-Propofol w/
preanaesthetics eg.
Acepromazine,
opiates may lead to
increased
vasodilation +
-ve cardiac
inotropy
Dogs and
cats 4-8
mg/kg IV
-sedation of
surgical and
diagnostic
procedures
Thiopental
sodium
Gen anaesthetic
(barbiturate)
Thiopental
(thiopenton
e 1g)
Injection
B.P.
IV
-induction of
general
anaesthesia
-absence of
suitable
veins for IV
admin
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
-status
asthmaticus
-severe
cardiovascul
ar
disease/pree
xisting
ventricular
arrhythmias,
shock
-increased
intracranial
pressure,
myasthenia
gravis
-increased
intracranial
pressure,
myasthenia
gravis,
asthma,
conditions
where
hypnotic
effects may be
prolonged
-use with Opiate
premedicant
-increased
bradycardia
Concurrent use of
barbiturates and
benzodiazepines
may result in
additive respiratory
depression.
Dogs 13-26
mg/kg bw
Cats 17.526 mg/kg
bw
Equines-w/
preanaestheti
c , 613mg/kg
bw
w/o
preanaesth
etic 915.5mg/kg
(note
larger dose
for smaller
healthier
animals,
smallest
dose for
larger,
debilitated
animals)
Bovines
136 kg and
over: 8.215.4 mg/kg
ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS
Ketamine
Xylazine
Xylazine
Gen Anaesthetic
(fast-acting
dissociative)
Sedative,
analgesic,
muscle relaxant
(α2-agonist)
Sedative,
analgesic,
muscle relaxant
(α2-agonist)
Ketamin
10%
(100mg)
Xylazin 2%
Xylaze 100
IV,
parent
eral
admini
stratio
n in
dogs,
cats,
horses,
cattle,
goats
and
swine
-for induction of
anaesthesia in
combination w/
alpha2-agonists,
bendodiazepine
s, neuroteptics
IV,
parent
eral
admini
stratio
n in
dogs,
cats,
horses,
cattle,
goats
and
swine
-dosedependent
sedation and
analgesia
-premedication
for surgery
IM/IV
-analgesic,
sedative and
muscle relaxant
for use in horses
and deer
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
Meat, milk
and offal=0
hrs
Chloramphenicolmay prolong
anesthetic effects
CNS depressants:
May prolong
anaesthetic
recovery time
Shock,
cardiac
incompeten
ce, late
pregnancymay cause
premature
parturition,
severe resp
depression,
animals
receiving
epinephrine
/ having
ventricular
arrythmias
Shock,
cardiac
incompeten
ce, late
pregnancy,
severe resp
depression
Meat, milk
and offal=0
hrs
Neuromuscular
blockers: May
cause
enhanced/prolonge
d resp depression
-Used with
Acepromazinegenerally safe,
potential for
hypnotic effect
-Chloramphenicolprolonged sedation
and GI stasis
-CNS depressant
agent may lead to
additive CNS
depression
3 days
Local
anaesthetic
Lidocaina
(over) 2%
IM,
epidura
l
-Infiltration
anaesthesia or
nervous
blockade
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
36hrs
Dogs:
1.1mg/kg
IV
Cats:
1.1mg/kg
IV
Horses 1.1
mg/kg IV
Sheep and
goats:
0.01mg/kg
IV
Used with
Acepromazinegenerally safe,
potential for
hypnotic effect
Horse0.651.1ml/
100kg Slow
IV
-Chloramphenicolprolonged sedation
and GI stasis
Deer-0.11.6ml/40kg
IM or IV
depending
on species
and route.
Anterior
half of
neck in
food
animals
-CNS depressant
agent may lead to
additive CNS
depression
Lidocaine
Dogs: 0.11mg/kg
Antiarrythmiasmay cause additive
or antagonistic
ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS
-Epidural
anaesthesia
(large animals)lower part 320ml according
to size, upper
part 20-120ml
according to
size
Bupivacain
e
Local
Anaesthetic
(Amino amide)
Bupivacaine
0.5%
NButylscopa
lammoniu
m
Quaternary
Ammonium
antispasmodic
and
anticholinergic
Buscopan
compositum
100ml
Morphine
sulphate
Opiate agonist
Morphine
sulphate
injection
15mg
Natrium
Pentobarb
ital
Barbiturate
Natrium
Pentobarbit
al 20%
(Nembutal)
Epidura
l,
intraart
icular
IM, IV,
SC
IV, IP,
IM
Small anmals1ml every 2.5
k.l.w.
-nerve block,
caudal and
cranial epidural
anaesthesia
Control of
abdominal pain
associated w/
spasmodic colic,
flatulent colic,
and simple
impactions in
horses, aid in
performing
rectal exams
Treatment of
acute pain in
dogs, cats,
horses, bovine,
sheep and goats
-Preanaesthetic
in dogs
-antitussive,
antidiarrheal +
adjunctive
therapy for
some cardiac
abnormalities in
dogs
-Induction of
anaesthesia
followed by
inhalation
anaesthesia and
general
anaesthesia in
dogs
-Euthanasia
-serious
hepatic/
cardiac
damage
-Drug
hypersensiti
vity
Iinflamed/inf
ected tissue,
damaged
skin
-horses with
impaction
colic
associated
with ileus/
those w/
glaucoma
-DO NOT use
in horses
intended for
food
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
cardiac effects and
enhanced toxicity
None
Indicated
None
indicated
0.3mg/kg
horses
Metaclopramidecounteract action
on GI smooth
muscle
Not indicated
-Diarrhoea
caused by
toxic
ingestion
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
hypovolaemi
c, anemic,
cardiac and
resp disease,
nephritis,
Atropine-additive
effect
CNS depressantsmay cause
increased CNS and
resp depression
Dose
dependent
on desired
effect
-w/ muscle relaxant
may lead to
increased muscular
blockade
Not indicated
-Acetaminophen
increases risk of
hepatotoxicity
Induction
of
anaesthesi
a- 30mg/kg
b.w., IV, or
IP
Prolong
narcosis-
ANAESTHETICS, SEDATIVES, ANALGESICS
severe resp
disease,
severe liver
disease
Diazepam
Anti-anxiety
anticonvulsant
(Benzodiazepine
)
.
Valium
IV
Anxiolytic,
muscle relaxant,
hypnotic,
appetite
stimulants,
anticonvulsant
activities
-Preanaesthetia
protocol for
neuroleptoanal
gesia
-treatment of
status
epilepticus and
cluster seizures
in dogs
-drug
hypersensiti
vity
-cats
exposed to
chlorpyrifos,
may
potentiate
organophos
phate
toxicity
Animals that
have
ingested
human sleep
aids
Precaution:
Administer
slowly, binds
to plastic
5mg/kg bw
IV every hr
When
premedica
ted with
sedative,
reduce
dose 50%
or more
None
indicated
Antacids may
decrease oral drug
absorption
-Antifungals, azolemay increase
diazepam levels
-cimetidine may
decrease
metabolism
Euthanasia
-Dogs:
6ml/10kg
fast IV or
intracardia
c
Cats: 3ml
intraperito
neal/
intracardia
c
Vary with
species
and
indications