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CHAPTER 3-ANCIENT EGYTP
SECTION 3: EGYPTIAN RELIGION
1. What type of religion did the Egyptians have? POLYTHEISTIC
2. Who were the most important gods/goddesses and what did they represent?
a. AMON-RE, sun god
d. OSIRIS, god of the living and the dead
b. Horus, FALCON GOD
e. ISIS, worshipped as the great
c. Amon-Re, CHIEF GOD
mother/protector of children
3. Tell why the desert area to the west is considered the home of the dead. AMON RE DIED EVERY EVEING
WITH THE SETTING SUN
4. Determine the difference of the afterlife between the Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom.
a. Old Kingdom: THE AFTERLIFE WAS THOUGHT BE FOR KINGS AND THEIR ASSOCIATES
b. Middle Kingdom: PEOPLE OF ALL CLASSES LOOKED FORWARD TO AN AFTERLIFE
5. Ancient Egyptians believed that if a person lived a good life once they died, what would happened to them?
THEY WOULD JOIN OSIRIS AND LIVE A LIFE OF EASE AND PLEASURE WITH THEIR FRIENDS
WHO HAVE DIED
6. Before mummification, what dried out a person’s body, preserving the body? EGYPT’S CLIMATE
7. Describe two things the ancient Egyptians believed would happen to the soul, or ka.
a. THE SOUL WOULD LEAVE THE MUMMY BUT RETURN FOR FOOD OFFERINGS
b. THE APPEARANCE OF THE BODY ALLOWED IT TO BE RECOGNIZED BY THE PERSON’S
SPIRIT
8. What are the four sons of Horus? a. HUMAN b. BABOON c. FALCON d. JACKAL (WOLF)
And how were they used? THE LUNGS, STOMACH, INTESTINES, AND LIVER WERE PUT IN CANOPIC
JARS AND WERE CLOSED WITH STOPPERS
9. When did planning for a pharaoh’s tomb begin? AS SOON AS HE WAS CROWNED
10. For whom was the largest pyramid built and where is it located? KHUFU, GIZA
11. What job did the engineers do to help build pyramids? SO THAT THE SIDES FACES, N, S, E, & W
12. Although building pyramids was a dangerous job, why did the Egyptians do it so faithfully?
IT INSURED THE PHARAOH’S PLACE IN THE AFTERLIFE
SECTION 4: ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CULTURE
1. How is it that we know so much about the ancient Egyptians?
a. TOMB AND TEMPLE PAINTINGS b. WRITTEN RECORDS
2. Was it possible to rise in the ancient Egyptian social class? YES
Explain: THROUGH SERVICE TO THE PHARAOH
3. List the 3 social classes and the people who inhabited them.
a. SMALL UPPER CLASS: PRIESTS, PHARAOH’S COURT, NOBLES
b. MIDDLE CLASS: MERCHANTS, SKILLED WORKERS
c. LOWEST CLASS: PEASANTS
4. For who was a separate class made? SLAVES
5. What did peasants do for work during the flood season? THEY WORKED ON ROADS, TEMPLES, AND
OTHER BUILDING PROJECTS
6. Once the crop was gathered after harvest season, what did the ancient Egyptians do for the gods?
FEATED OFFERING FOOD AND DRINK TO THE GODS IN THANKS
7. Explain 3 reasons why noble women were considered to have had an important place in society.
a. THEY COULD OWN PROPERTY
b. RUN BUSINESSES
c. ENTER LEGAL CONTRACTS
8. How were noble women connected to the job of a pharaoh? THEY ACTED AS REGENTS UNTIL THEY
WERE OLD ENOUGH TO RULE FOR THEMSELVES
9. Why did the Egyptians develop hieroglyphs? TO KEEP TRACK OF THE KINGDOM’S GROWING WEALTH
10. After writing on clay and stone, what did the Egyptians invent to write on? PAPYRUS
11. What is significant about the year 1799? A SOLDIER DIGGING A FORT NEAR THE NILE FOUND A
LARGE STONE
12. What is the Rosetta Stone? A STONE WITH 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WRITING ON IT THAT ALL HAD
THE SAME MEANING
13. What happened in the 1820s that was instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphs? A YOUNG FRENCH
SCHOLAR, JEAN FRANCOIS CHAMPOLLION FIGURED OUT HOW TO READ THE ROSETTA STONE
14. List the 6 skills that Egyptians used that we still use in math:
a. ADD
d. DIVIDE
b. SUBTRACT
e. FRACTIONS
c. MULTIPLY
f. GEOMETRY
15. What occurred due to the ancient Egyptians’ work on mummies?
THEY WERE ABLE TO PERFORM SURGERY, SET BROKEN BONES, AND TREAT MINOR INJURIES
16. What did the Egyptians leave for the ancient Romans and Greeks to use?
MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE WRITTEN ON PAPYRUS