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ANCIENT CHINA ANCIENT CHINA 4000 BC – Neolithic Revolution • HUANG (“Yellow”) River – “River of Sorrows” Mandate of Heaven • “Divine Right of Kings” • gods grant emperors the “right to rule” based on their ability to govern well and fairly • Gods take power away from poor rulers, which causes rulers to be replaced Shang Dynasty (1766 BC – 1122 BC) – established 1st writing system ANCIENT CHINA Zhou Dynasty 1046 BC - 256 BC Achievements: • longest dynasty in Chinese history • Iron • large scale irrigation • Ox-drawn plows • Crossbows • Horseback riding CONFUCIUS LAOZI (Daoism) “Kong Fuzi” “Low Dzuh” • FOCUSED on social order and good government • Accept your place in society, it helps ensure social order • “Filial Piety” – respect for parents •Education is key to leadership •Lead by example •“Yin / Yang” – maintain balance • Concerned with living in harmony with nature • Look past everyday issues to focus on the “Dao” (“Way of the Universe”) • Reject conflict and strife • Live simply with nature • BEST government is one that governs the LEAST 221 BC – 206 BC Shi Huangdi becomes 1st Emperor of China established “Legalism” • weaken the “Aristocracy” • “collective responsibility” among all people • people breaking laws were “beheaded” or “quartered” • those who contributed the most were highly rewarded • Literacy was suppressed uneducated people were easier to control…stupid people never think to doubt who was in charge of the empire ”Book burnings” 210 BC – Shi Huangdi died • had 8K “Terra Cotta Army” buried with him • 5500 miles long • revolts over heavy taxes, forced labor, and cruelty led to end of Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty 206 BC – 220 AD Achievements • spread of Confucianism • opening of the “Silk Road” – 4000 miles – connected to Mesopotamia • establishment of Civil Servants and appointments by Merit • “Records of the Grand Historian” by Sima Qian – covers over 2,000 years Chinese history Tang Dynasty 618 AD – 907 AD Golden Age of Ancient China Ming Dynasty 1368 AD – 1644 AD Last of the great Chinese dynasties Ming finished the Great Wall Built the “Forbidden City” (Beijing) for Emperor Zhu Di • palace was built as a replica of the Purple Palace where God was thought to live in Heaven – Ancient Chinese Astronomers believed that the Purple Star “Polaris” was in the center of heaven • 24 emperors used the palace Expanded the “Grand Canal” CHINESE ACHIEVEMENTS • Chemistry, Zoology, Botany • Seismograph • Acupuncture • • • • • Silk Paper – Cai Lun 365 ¼ Day calendar Wang Chong – “scientific theories accepted by proof, not gods”