Download VACCINES and VACCINE PROTOCOLS

“We must not sacrifice our
future for a momentary
pleasure.”
Canine and Feline
 Vaccines
do not produce immunity in
100% of population
• Should decrease severity
 Protection
of 70% of population sufficient
if communicability is low
 In general practice, 1 vaccine break
constitutes a failure
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Illness
Fever
Vaccine reaction from prior vaccine
Medical therapy
Age: In < 5 wks. MLV can cause disease
Pregnancy, whelping, queening
• modified-live virus vaccines can lead to birth
defects or abortions
Problems
• hypertrophic osteodystrophy and juvenile cellulitis - modified-
live virus distemper vaccine in Weimaraners
• vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats : FeLV and Rabies
 MLV
 KILLED
• Strong, long-lasting
•
•
•
•
immune response that
is achieved with fewer
doses
Adjuvants are not as
necessary
Quicker immune
respones
Less chance of allergic
reactions
After it is mixed only
effective 1 hour
(inactivated)
• More stable in storage
• Unlikely to contain
contaminating
pathogens
• Unlikely to cause
disease due to residual
disease-causing
characteristics
• Produce little to no
cellular and mucosal
immunity
NO VACCINE IS 100% EFFECTIVE!
 Chemicals, microbial
components, or
mammalian proteins
 Enhances the immune response to
vaccine antigens
 Aluminum gels/ salts
Severity
of disease
Transmissibility
Zoonotic potential
Recommended by AAHA (American
Animal Health Association)
Those
vaccines that every puppy
should receive; identified by vaccine
experts such as the AAHA Canine
Task Force
• CORE VACCINES FOR CANINES
INCLUDE:
 Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)
 Canine Distemper virus (CDV)
 rCDV: Recombinat
 Canine
Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2):
DAPP/DHPP
 CAV-2 protects against both 1 & 2
 CAV-1 causes Infectious Canine Heaptitis
 No CAV-1 vaccine because of anterior uveitis
 Rabies
virus (RV)
• Killed vaccine
• State/provincial/local laws
 Begin: 6-9 weeks of age
• Do not give vaccines earlier than 5-6 weeks
*remember maternal antibody interference
 Frequency: q 2-4 weeks
• May vary according to risk, vaccine
 End: at least one dose should be given
at
age 14-16 weeks of age or older
 Revaccination: at 1 year of age or 1 year
after the last puppy vaccination
•
Rabies vaccine is initially
given at 12 wks of age
– Does not need to be
boostered in 2-4 weeks, but
rather within 12 months.
Each subsequent rabies
vaccine should be given q
3yrs.
– Rabies vaccine is the only
canine vaccine requiring a
minimum duration of
immunity study and
labeled as 1 yr or 3 yr. by
the USDA.

The minimum duration of immunity for the core
vaccines (except rabies) is at least 5-7 yrs. (after initial
puppy set of vxns)
• based on challenge and/or antibody titers
you can even have this done in your own pets to determine his/her
immunity level against a particular disease.

Today, a 3 yr revaccination program has been
recommended in the AAHA Canine Vaccination
Guidelines for dogs and the American Association of
Feline Practitioners Guidelines for cats
 Following
the vaccine label
 Veterinarians resistant to change
 Fear that not revaccinating will cause the
animal to become susceptible soon after
one year.
 Compliance with boarding kennel rules
 Optional
or non-core vaccines should
only be given to animals that need them
and only as often as needed!
• Potential problems: duration of immunity is not
known, the efficacy is limited or not known
 EX: Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Canine
Influenza, Lyme disease, Canine
coronavirus, Giardia (AAHA Guidelines do not
recommend coronavirus or giardia vaccines unless they
can be proven to be beneficial for a certain animal)
•
New vaccines: snakebites (Crotalus sp.
Toxoid, western diamonback rattlesnake),
periodontal disease (porphyromonas sp.),
as well as a therapeutic vaccine for
treatment of canine melanomas.
*VACCINES MUST BE TAILORED
TO THE INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL
-Older/younger animal vs. adult
- bacterial vaccine vs. viral vaccine
– Geographic area
 Begin: 8-10
weeks of age
 Frequency: q 2-4 weeks
 End: last dose at 14-16 weeks of age
 Feline
parvovirus (panleukopenia)
 Feline calicivirus
 Feline herpes virus (viral
rhinotracheitis)
 Rabies virus
• Given at 12-16 weeks of age
 FVRCP
 FeLV
(feline leukemia)
 FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)
 Chlamydia
 Feline coronavirus (FIP): Reduce cs but
not prevent disease
 Feline Giardia
 Bordetella bronchiseptica
 Feline systemic calicivirus
•
May I use smaller vaccine dose in
small breeds to reduce the risk of
adverse reactions?
– NO- the volume (1.0ml) as recommended by the
manufacturer generally represents the minimum
immunizing dose
• This means that a Great Dane should receive the same
amount of vaccine as a Chihuahua
 May
I vaccinate pregnant pets?
• It is best to avoid this. Risk to the fetuses is a
concern. Assess risk vs. benefit
• Feline parvovirus cerebellar hypoplasia in utero
kitten
 May
I vaccinate a patient while under
anesthesia?
• It is best not to do this. The patient may develop
a hypersensitivity reaction that may be harder to
recognize under anesthesia and may be more
difficult to treat. Risk of vomiting and aspiration
is higher.
 May
I inject a modified live intranasal
Bordetella vaccine?
• NO- the vaccine can cause a severe local
reaction and may even result in death (liver
failure)
• Intranasal vaccines are effective against
respiratory disease, form immunoglobulin A
which produces quick local immunity
 May
I administer a modified live SQ
feline FVRCP oronasally? NO
• Upper respiratory infection can result
• spilled on the cat's fur, and the cat licks up the
spilled vaccine
 Clean off the fur with alcohol
 use dilute bleach for spills in the environment
 contact the manufacturer and begin supportive
treatment, if warranted
 http://veterinaryteam.dvm360.com/firstli
ne/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=672508
 http://www.sheltermedicine.com/?q=no
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