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revision A of Trimenia the genus W.F. (Trimeniaceae) Rrodenburg Netherlands Leiden, Rijksherbarium, INTRODUCTION Trimenia was first described This Kandavu, Fiji Islands. Plants (1861) much like to not Hooker & certain as (1880) did Monimiaceae not the state Schlechter which the a (1923) Xymalos, distinct The to Idenburgia was Aquifoliaceae came as to was two based to to taxon the same This and to raise it, Sphenostemonaceae, accommodated I am place not of the has it is still in to Austrobaileya and enough include to & upon justify although considered be to she did Gilg the features families, & four Swamy (1950) after it as a genera viz.: Piptocalyx. The that main Xymalos should affinities with genus it an extensive best regarded as a characters given below. out a are Nouhuysia by genus be rded rega as Trimeniaceae. Van Steeni s (1952). which Baillon had des cribed in I.e. kept a it there, gi ving no somewhat wi der scope could fit in Aquifoliaceae. He opposed from both Guttiferae and A quifoliaceae and its characteristic pollen, to a several families of the Celastrales. Trimeniaceae, a matter point worthy and must to fam ily of its Hu tchinson own, (1959) consider. conclude that the systematic under dispute. The taxonomic position of Trimeniaceae to have should Steenis namely that I.e., the family having evident relationships, also be some Van take position in this Sphenostemon was in the definitely taxon extensive material (1964) discussed its affinities in strength of with affinities to the that Trimeniaceae agree based will 1955). conclusion Sphenostemon able systematic position distinct as Trimenia and Sphenostemon, Bernardi on to Bent- Trimenia. the Guttiferous with more should subfamily Erdtman (1954) who removed Sphenostemon proposed very belong to Monimiaceae. Some time clear and distinct not were I.e. has pointed (Van Steenis, affinity. so pluriflorous’. are postulated that they Trimeniaceae genera viz.: al. et reduced to it family, Trimeniaceae, although distinct shared by Money, Bailey discrimination is this suggested the affinity Vitian preliminary list of panicles (1925) placed Trimenioideae the Monimiaceae, although merged alternative but was study of Money Later he the that family, including belonging a anatomy of the Monimiaceae. I which the upon family Piptocalyx, Idenburgia, He although more point of view; of Monimiaceae. The view of Gibbs study of the be to Monimiaceae and them to subfamily distinct of the between seemed clear this disputed diagnosis separation the for this decision. On the basis of reasons a Trimenieae. Gibbs (1917) regarded this tribe not have to and Perkins Gilg (1901) & the tribe as 1871). share this view and it single specimen from upon a in ‘in habit this singular plant is ‘though Theaceae, they said, they regarded before Perkins elapsed he had referred earlier species of Weinmannia (Seemann some the tribe of Ternstroemieae DC. of ham (1871) and based Seemann of Weinmannia because species a by specimen Chloranthaceae. sens. not str. has been discussed only to by M oney et al. Monimiaceae and Lauraceae, but BLUMEA 4 VOL. XIX, MORPHOLOGICAL AND Leaves. The indumentum varies from I. ferrugineous, sometimes partly but usually disappearing with lateral too) often nerves age. in a specimen of upper nerves villous are in In the latter degree. various to marquesensis) In mature leaves of the base of the leaf, near is villous only the on marquesensis the midrib and primary lateral ssp. of the leaf. both surfaces dense and to ssp. the midrib (and sometimes the primary case the lower surface, especially on weinmanniifolia T. on maturity (T. weinmanniifolia (T. weinmanniifolia ssp.) the midrib New Britain surface, and 1971 ANATOMICAL NOTES retain the indumentum T. papuana the midrib is villous i, entirely absent (T. neocaledonica) in persistent No. The hairs unicellular are and non- glandular. In the parenchym of the leaf (and of the developed (Money conspicuously translucent dots. The Mucilage cells where the bearing a very an upper dull, but occasional According as are at the in the angulus Money et confined type in the I.e.). Except more are as eye Chalk (1965). & T. in less or neocaledonica, glandular-toothed, pattern where the a soon a a margin seems be to cluster of glands. harden and become pergamentaceous, the lower surface is layer, waxy side of the leaf does palisade-parenchym a of entirely Austrobaileya; Monimiaceae, paler and has The spongy tissue. are hypoderm- a possess developed not stomata, which the contrary, have a 1 or 3 are of the Ranunculaceous trace-unilacunar node and resembles in two a on not layer whereas they Rubiaceous, are Trimenia has Monimiaceae. the naked tip of each tooth. The serration varies from to upper consists the lower surface, to mucilage cells to wax. al. I.e. the mesophyll al. et shape of shiny and covered by covered with to angulae regularly found in Monimiaceae; either, instead respect extreme visible are stated by Metcalfe as are thinly chartaceous, they surface is never brown or leaves the entire, pattern of sinae and regular Young leaves layer is cluster of oil glands a clear are cells and too) etherial oil axes I.e.). These cells al. absent in Monimiaceae (Money are margin entire with the contents et this trace-unilacunar —more node. The lateral almost nerves parallel for tiary venation and nerves 1 —2 are near connected from mm from the midrib emerge the first the at half, the margin in T. usually axillary, T. in T. neocaledonica, although imen of this species decussate flowers is found in T. higher lateral up are to on a my pairs which even never complex peduncle type is is bear up axes of the end in length a papuana. a Here panicle a running most because simple 1 —5 to the racemes with a more flowers. length of compound 2—4 axes Only and axes axes is moderin T. the inflorescence. The racemes and The the lateral peduncle of type raceme. Lateral on pairs complex compound the flowers are one spec- 2—3 pairs of decussate lateral forming I3(—19) consists of distance of had only I raceme terminal flower. The the tei- branched realised in type is simple terminal flower. A thus at a the varying complexity; a run from the The formed. is of the total inflorescence. shorter, about | of found in T. of though often subopposite; terminal, leafy panicle. Such degrees and 80 the margin. be expressed to single flowers, alternate. All of about nerve, in terminal. The This species has ramified, ately long, measuring about caledonica the raceme even The main axis bears basically opposite, occasionally a main axis which ends in of decussate are intramarginal an doubt has disposal. angle network neocaledonica however, also some weinmanniifolia. 1 —5 axes, flowers are papuana, an irregular an the margin into margin; at they ramify and become less distinct Inflorescence. The inflorescence is 2. a than neomost together often form pairs of opposite, compound F. W. each racemes, Rodbnburg: in the axil of one ascendingly serial, small, to only one reach and a leaf, and ramified not The anthesis in to pretation seems longer than not 4 There is mm. receptacle is easy; it is not are stages T. neocaledonica has sexuality. In the male flower the ones and flowers; be 4. to at the beginning al. (1950, is bears 3. is apex p. 387); 2 —6 at most tepals outer rounded the almost T. a strict too A detailed is types of same 6. part panicle. specimens, pollen bears two only unisexual subspecies seem to not are are decussate caducous as stated by decussate. It is possible tepals: ovate-oblong, fleshy sometimes or emarginate, often rather saccate; fleshy are almost (rarely absent neocaledonica) symmetrically elliptic, membranaceous except: which in T. weinmanniifolia spathulate are and ssp. convex, weinmanniifolia, the enclosing not stamens ovary. tepals increase twice more pollen pollen and uni- be certain about this. tepals ovate to truncate, study. polygamous, in the one morpho- smaller than the fertile are weinmanniifolia outer interto the female flower the pistil In to come which fixed bisexuality papuana occurring types scarce reduced as long gradually as the or less in length outermost stamens towards the apex, the spathulate ones is Pistil. is is variable. The connective is produced pointed tongue-shaped appendix. The elongate anthers polyporate monocolpate, or with two dicolpate, In female flowers the irregular unthickened areas, or pistil acolpate is being ones. (Money et al. at open wise, almost strictly latrorse except in T. neocaledonica where the dehiscence is The raceme obtuse. or Stamens. The number of into T. absent. T. broadly are their base is innermost tepals 1—4 and The less a of this herbarium transitions between six pairs of the tepals or convex absent. inflorescence for scope spirally arranged and are base, more slightly varying number of scale-like tepals which with present in 5. a The other, spirally arranged a the rarely was pedicel Morphological a cyme they into because in distinctly monoecious, the other three different intergrading The decussate their of the nature of anthesis. the material available The receptacle distinguish or are really bracteoles. obviously sterile; they are flat a each flower is are beyond rudimentary, is anthesis. Most of the tepals et true was Trimenia exhibit stamens thickly membranaceous; 2. the the other leaves. to clear bracteoles. no 'tepals' two outer sense empty their size terminal flower. But the flowers no definitely bisexual flowers. weinmanniifolia ssp. purely descriptive are two neocaledonica where I could conclude from the examination of herbarium as least at Tepals. Money 1. far dioecious but prior to as absent is pistil developed and the T. Bracteoles arranged. are being bisexual, others unisexual, both of the flowers is well except in clearly defined differentiation impossible that necessary, The flowers of Flowers. 3. a and there reveal to necessary developmental similar remaining mm, no and pistil way flower and it might be that the logical study I second, a is sometimes reduced than the other leaves, approximately cylindrical with stamens acropetal not axil, which smaller usually are decussate and there should be an Often there is also one. panicle The term 'raceme' has been used in not in each 5 peduncle of that serial raceme there are occasionally which the apex, upon are terminal a raceme (Trimeniaceae) Trimenia the length of a genus the short, are receptacle. flowers the of revision apical direction, the leaf-shape pedicels The on leaves in in decreasing may flower; The bracts. A apex length- extrorse. while in Monimiaceae the I.e.). barrel-shaped, somewhat narrowed at base and 6 BLUMEA sometimes at Both the extent which the In age. in 4—8 superficial lobes. pattern In 1. 2. Pistillode short, very The following 4. Pistillode than the such in with The age. is seems to finds stamens be devided in that the is consequence becomes flat. always without locule and ovule, may to fertile a there laterally compressed; Occurring in both species. two. expanded an often although one, be may stigmatic surface; glabrous. In T. in occur T. only: papuana about half the normal length; length (i.e. the either terminating in a glabrous. length same stigmatic surface and as or slightly glabrous or not shorter ending surface and strigose. a The ovule is 7. stigma of the the length the pistil, somewhat of the pressure which the of the stigma apex terminating in clavate, stamens), in both Finally flattened and is stigma elongate slender stalk of normal a various to weinmanmifolia. ssp. types slender, Pistillode truncate apex firmly pressed against are rudimentary pistil, which strigose; rarely or weinmanniifolia 3. papillae in its appearance similar Small, at shapes: different glabrous 1971 then rather short and the are obscures and the male flowers the have stamens radiating impressions through The patent of lobes of the apex bud the overtopping it. The papillae expression I, papillose. to on No. XIX, The stigma is sessile and calyptriform, apex. degree, and coarsely papillae depend VOL. the pistillode species and pendulous Fruit. The fruit is be may absent invisible. or anatropous. and succulent green and hard when immature berry-like and juicy; with dark red juice when ripe. The colour of the ripe fruit is deep cherry-red to purple or black. 8. Seed. The seed is ovoid or with obliquely ovoid with or regular radiating ridges situated with LITERATURE & BENTHAM, G., L. BERNARDI, G. ERDTMAN, J. 1954. L. S. 1917. GILG, E., & R. GIBBS, C. MONEY, L., 192S. & E. GILG, B. 1871. C. STEENIS, 1955- Flora B. Svensk of VAN, Bot. testa. The latter is smooth ridges. The embryo is SWAMY, die 9: 425, t. Anat. Tidskr. 1950. J. 58: 143. Pfl. Reich Mts: 135, 244—246, Plants ed. 2, Dicot. ii: Am. Arb. Gattungen der 1: 136. 248. 139. 1138—1145. 31: 372 —404, t. i—iv. Monimiaceae. 4. 256. 99. Acta 1952. CITED 3: Arfak Jahrb. Flowering Engler, In Plant. Fl. & Bot. 1923. Bonplandia J. hard pattern of 65. 1954: iiber Vitiensis: G. Gen. CHALK, 1965. & 1901. very 199 —205. Phytogeogr. Ubersicht 1861. G. Notis. L. & BAILEY I. J. 19: Families 1959. PERKINS, SEEMANN, Bot. Contr. R., 1880. HOOKER. SCHLECHTER, HUTCHINSON, J. METCALFE, D. Candollea 1964. a irregular an of the abundant gelatinous endosperm. part apical the in or 49: Bot. Neerl. 1: 93 19. TRIMENIA Seemann, Fl. Prantl, Gilg Vitiens. (1871) Nat. Pfl. Fam. iii, & Schltr, Bot. 2 Jahrb. 425, t. 99; (1889) 98; 55 (1919) B. Perk. & & 195—201; H., Gen. Pi. Gilg in 3 Engl., (1880) 143; Pax in Pfl. Reich 4 (1901) Engl. 3, & 11, 21; Baker f., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45 (1921) 385; W. Gilg Schltr, & trees and shrubs, partly apex acute shiny and covered by more many or a the prominent below, intramarginal thin drical, equal n—26 of pairs shorter than the or (usually) compound these together racemes broadly ovate raceme deltoid the median line, base with many caducous 3 mm rarely decussate; grading in (o—)i —4 innermost enclosing the lucent dots. many oil produced ally or more less glands, at at apex apex or i-celled, ovary distinct less less a 3 mm; ular ridges; embryo Distribution: (Marquesas testa 3 up very Fig. to 7J by apically obovate, entire. 5 in a above to mm, receptacle to shorter reniform, or obovate, rounded, or to up various glabrous. smooth or or trans- many connec- basifixed, linear, absent in male later- flowers, than the stamens, with especially Seed ovoid a pattern gelatinous Malesia (Celebes, ovule purplish or the with pendulous, bluish black and obliquely ovoid, or of 1, 5 —9 on degree, coarsely papillose, with mm 4% glabrous, provided rows, the ridges; to up obtuse, rounded; apex ciliate, with or sparsely strigose, or Tepals —6(—8) lower 2 rounded apex contin- glabrous. but the anthers rudimentary in obtuse, margin entire, apex, to not, or long, thin-membranaceous, mm 5 the abundant, from Central and flowers, filament short, linear; glabrous thick, cylin- wide), often swollen terete; at (i—)2 —3 corresponding more or less irreg- endosperm. Moluccas) to East Polynesia I. KEY Leaves saccate and hard when immature, hard and erect, species Islands). green in barrel-shaped, lobes roughly to cm caducous Bracts apex ones, ovate appendix; (or 2), truncate 7 branches, nearly orbicular to up in female 1 an more below; petiole and fleshy, convex to larger tongue-shaped sessile, berry-like, soft and juicy when ripe, by ovate receptacle lengthwise ridges, distinct anatropous. Fruit up to 4 boat-shaped, fleshy, slightly of forming alternate flowers, main axis even slightly convex, developed into ridges; stigma sessile, calyptriform, more or with provided lateral branches with 3 —13( —19) flowers; and pistil; all tepals entirely glabrous 9 —23, ovate-lanceolate, to long of decussate lateral bisexual; pedicel or or direction into apical extrorsely dehiscent. Pistils or 10 cm base swollen and saccate, tepals spathulate, stamens Stamens tive superior; to or quadran- somewhat terminal, pyramidal rarely auriculate, tepals outermost base somewhat long, membranaceous, with flat cylindrical, long, thick-membranaceous, acute, tomentose-villous less conspicuous anthesis, (8—)io—38, imbricate, spirally arranged, at distinctly ones less saccate, translucent dots. Flowers uni- with the pedicel, uous leaf (up ovate-lanceolate, or 31 1 —4. slightly prominent, or terminal, leafy panicle. a t. 91, the margin, near sometimes also flower, a forming to more into 22; distinct, midrib sunken above, nervation sometimes flat pairs 1—5 (1925) less serrate, pergamentaceous, or connected nerves subtending with terminating sometimes or reddish or more pairs of decussate, often subopposite 1—5 and lateral branches I. or dots, pinninerved, usually sunken above, nerve, to (1954) 87, 61 layer above, dull and paler beneath, waxy grooved. Inflorescence axillary, or Monimiac. Swamy, J. Arn. Arb. & decussate, simple, obovate acuminate; entire 7 1871. glabrous less elevated below, venation rather prominent above, above flat to Seem. m, fissured. Leaves to less translucent or Money, Bailey Rev. Gen. Bot. 2o(—25) (Trimeniaceae) entirely glabrescent. Branches and branchlets or gular, bark longitudinally base cuneate, to up Trimenia Gattungen der Perk., 245; weinmanniifolia Trimenia or the genus of Pich., & i—iv; Lem. t. Type species: woolly revision A Jahrb. 58 (1923) Bot. 372 —404, Small Rodenburg: Bull. Bish. Mus. 130 (1935) 82; F. Brown, (1950) F. Bracts persistent. TO THE Stamens SPECIES extrorsely dehiscing. Plant entirely glabrous. I. T. neocaledonica 8 BLUMEA VOL. XIX, No. I, 1971 W. F. Leaves I. elliptic lanceolate, to occasionally serrate, in all 2. Plants at parts, Flowers times sometimes revision widest few leaves entire. Bracts a least bracts and the genus of below but fugacious. Seed never above the middle, margin more and mature anthers thin, unisexual. Filaments short relatively Seed with 5 —7 Compton 1382 Syntypes: Shrub 21—\\ pairs small tree, or c. and lengthwiseridges thick, or with pedicel up 2—4 3 3 2 mm, leaf, by 2 2 thin very dehiscing, glands. Ovary Distribution: New Ecology: Forests, Notes. Only 1. white 2| by 2. 360—1000 c. The single specimen characteristic very are at 2. Trimenia mature a tepals the mm T. T. Camp Gibbs T. 3900 442, in obs. 11016, 11232 isotype Shrub or ft; Contr. holotype 5743, not tree, Fig. 1. in K, a. or c. 2, from less 5 —9 by 11 —15 of pairs 2—3 4 flowers; by 3 mm; lower pairs decussate, 2 round, by 3 3 irregular margin. J connective into mm, Stamens mm; 12, anthers filament, connective, and anthers with the have two from syntypes, seen one from Ignambi seen description the other 136; Gilg two Fruit not seen. from Ignambi and (Htirlimann much simple to be related closely more one 1902). of Baker and shows it entire leaves, the II, Bot. Schltr, & label: Camp Hat., Bot. Mag. Tokyo isotype seen — (1916) Jahrb. racemes, Gibbs, 144; (1919) 55 Type: Kloss (1917) Contr. 195, 199; (Wollaston s.n. in K. 136; Gilg 56 (1942) 262, & t. Schltr, 10. Bot. Type: — from L. Jahrb. 58 (1923) 248; Bot. 9 Bot. Vic), holotype Fl. Arfak Mts Syntypes: Ledermann 8466, 8303, A. C. 12303 Smith, J. Arn. Arb. 23 from K, seen 9944. (probably lost), lectotype chosen: Ledermann 12386, to 2o(—25) caudate, rarely m. Branches and branchlets with brown when middle, young, 2 of the genus weinmanniifolia, mature Trimenia. b. ssp. glabrescent. —12J by f acute, margin leaves brownish, ssp. 8—11. reddish; long. Flowers bisexual, indument, the obovate on Schltr., & — up Distribution (triangles): fig. 21, m. Phytogeogr. & sometimes widest below the young t. Inflorescences axillary, mm. appendix of the Trans. Linn. Soc., bark, reddish tomentose-villous entire, four 10923, hölotype in from K. seen acuminate to at least weinmanniifolia midrib with 6 radiating ridges. known, (1917) 248; Kan. myricoides Gilg (1942) L, VIb, 58 (1923) as stamens. Ridl., Arfak Mts arfakensis Gibbs, Jahrb. green, 7 —xo ibid. 58 (1923) 248; A. C. Smith, J. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 442. Exped., long papuana irregular ridges. obovate, index long, with grading more mm; of as T. anthers network (1921) 384, Tepals 8(—12), anthesis; mm, It differs dehiscing papuana Fl. Phytogeogr. J c. mm. at mm 17 conforms with the seen species. the total absence of the species by and the extrorsely less Caledonia (Ignambi, Mt. Panie). specimens 3 1 from Mt Panie, and the specimen I a § c. innermost mm, all tepals 2 mm; to up persistent, deltoid, receptacle short, mm; extrorsely oil many in all parts. Leaves long; filaments short and thick, f mm c. by 4 subtending mm. Bracts almost reniform, elliptic, the or glabrous BM? seen, above, prominent below; petiole of nerves, sunken much shorter than to not glabrous m, Linn. Soc., Bot. 45 J. 1796, & acuminate, obtuse; margin entire; bright cm; apex peduncle 9 not twice only 2. Trimenia neocaledonica Baker f., — Plant laterally dehiscing. 3. I. 9 tepals hairy. the filaments. as (Trimeniaceae) smooth functionally long as Trimenia Stamens polygamous (§,cJ, $). Filaments relatively long the filaments. 2. A Rodenburg: more or leaves T. — to papuara marquesensis (index c. to —5); 2 lanceolate, apex broadly less distinctly serrate, sometimes quite dark (dots), c. , cm grey-brown to oblong Leaves ssp. green above, light T. neocaledonica to (square), bougainvilleensis. medium T. green weinmanniifolia BLUMEA 10 below, old leaves cent, midrib and flat above, cm peduncle often axillary to up 15 forming lanceolate, c. mm 3 c. 1 mm, 4(—6) lower below; in to all ciliate in the half, ovate, the glands, white male flowers c. or J anthers mm; pinkish-white brown. Fruit 3 or forest or clay 5 or light 2 the ridges, on larger spirally into tepals spathulate, yellow long, pale to reddish-brown when older, or with to 6 —9 more green; appen- c. i mm; or when older. Pistils mm, mm 3 when in bud white laterally dehiscing, without by f long; pedicel mm; stigma I with few (or 2), in less distinct or white pale or to up by 4 orange. East Malesia undergrowth secondary low- tree (Celebes, edges, on Moluccas, crests, in midmountain forests or infertile stony on ovary 2 ovate- mm I Tepals II—19(—2i), grading so, pale brown creamy, by long; filaments slender, mrn c. dark purple when ripe. Seed obliquely ovoid, mm, Central and Common in primary medium 7J by smooth, Distribution: Ecology: to up testa mm, —31 to 2 mm, rudimentary, rarely absent; ridges, sparsely strigose, especially densely main rachis 4 long. mm innermost more 2 up long cm pairs of flowers; ovate, to up mm, base, yellow-brown at anthesis. Stamens 9—22, dix of connective 1J c. by ij 2 mm, 2 —4 outermost yellow-green, often pale-brown oil by 3 6\ to up 1 —4 on broadly to bisexual, or if ovate, bracts fugacious, the margin. Flowers uni- upper leaf, nerves, villous, glabrescent; the racemes together axes Bracts apical direction grading decussate, broadly of glabrescent. tomentose, subtending glabres- young, —18( —22) pairs 12 reddish mm, villous, mostly glabrescent; receptacle ones at 8—12 shorter than the leafy panicle. arranged tepals, elliptic dark brown petiole peduncle and other long, at 1971 pairs of lateral branches and above these I—5 mm, i, villous-strigose when wine-red, slightly terminal, or terminal a especially strigose, short, elevated wide, with No. XIX, often in maturity villous below, nerves hardly Inflorescences and si sometimes VOL. sand in riverside at or Guinea). New gullies, or iooo—2700 on m. exposed places On brown bank vegetation. stream stony Drainage fair. or Vernacular (all from names Guinea): New arunan (Enga), daloe (Dani), edigea (Kapauku), kohbig (Tomba), kora-kiyei (Wonatabe), kuje kuje, porlyporl (Mendi), nerch, tuna(ch) (Enga), niebalaa (Kebar), Okapa Outer bark notes: scrape dark exudate watery. green; According Note. to Van Until now next In my Young Roy en leaves three species are page parts characters The simple tains treatment and for dysentery (New Guinea: do for specific texture (as (‘arfakensis’) be in T. the in nor subspecific any division rays. Bark with 2 mm rays; peppermint-like to odour. most and however, delimitation. are T. papuana, arfakensis, and significant. leaf-shape at T. the authors the characters cited in the table indumentum nor Fig. of papuana mature 2 the serration supplies is a parts. rufous-tomentose without are the acumination any consistent shows that the indices of the all. very rare. have indeed somewhat smaller slight and c. dilatating heartwood dark pink a uniformly pergamentaceous.The neocaledonica) but the difference is with few reliable for specific delimitation. T. inflorescences, of the leaf is rather racemes simple!) or provide not red-brown bitter when chewn. very are not especially (young) to have been distinguished: to exception. Neither the leaf-index leaves a light reddish brown; white to diagnoses given by considered species, straw to straw opinion these characters variable very as quite smooth, with scattered lenticels, pinkish light brownish From the myricoides. on it is used grey-brown, blaze Sapwood pale red with conspicuous, T. Womersley to area). Field thick; taii-ja (Huli), wakolo (Wapi). taingga, According Uses: small The racemes, racemes racemes are compound; specimens from the Arfak are as stated by Moun- Gibbs I.e. also observed in the (not specimens W. F. Rodenburg: revision A the of T. papuana papuana Gibbs Gibbs Trimenia genus T. T. (Trimeniaceae) arfaketisis arfakensis T. T. myricoides Leaves Leaves (1917) (1917) 11 sernon-acuminate, ser- membranaceous; membranaceous; rate, rate, cemes cemes small and and rufous rufous tomentum tomentum on on the the and infloresand inflores- parts young rara- simple; simple; cence cence Gilg Schltr & & Leaves (1918) Leaves lanceolate, Baker Leaves (1921) to lanlanto elliptic ceolate, ceolate, coriaceous chartaceous chartaceous lanceolate, lanceolate, coriaceous, obscurely obscurely Leaves Leaves serser- oblong, serrate serrate rate from Celebes and the Moluccas. The latter to 9 flowers 3. flowers and above these Perk. & 199; ibid. 58 ibid. 130 the Perk., caudate, to io —5 grading mm; or and those on broadly to receptacle 1 nearly orbicular, rachis 2Ï to up 1 —3 mm. — up female to flowers; dehiscing; rarely wise Seed ridges or Note. NGF subspecies. It 5 —14 2 by § mm, sometimes with a 26808 seems the be or up to thick, with 5 to cm distinctly seen from A, P. —8 | c. 61 to (index serrate, mm; by 5 lower — —4), prominent; anthers 35 up 2\ by direction to tepals spathc. 2 mm in laterally mm, in male flowers 3 mm, testa 1 —2 ovate larger, spirally rudimentary, less distinct ridges. Fruit up to 4 of Bracts pedicel flowers, to up pairs mm. apical innermost in male leaf, 2—5 mm; into acute pairs of 26 decussate, ones (o —)i —4 to in 3 half, grading long mm or to up up long, mm 2—4 glands. Ovary with to 6 up 5 —7 by length- ridges. Solomons ssp. 2 c. 14 80. lanceolate, shorter than the subtending mm; more (1954) Bot. oblong venation rather below, upper 3J to from Mt. Talawe, nearest isotypes Leaves by i|—3 J 4—6(—8) 2A by to up 9—-23, the (1919) 55 89; F. B. H. Brown, Rev. Gen. 10 m. unisexual, Flowers network of irregular (Frodin) to to obliquely ovoid, Polynesia (from to margin ciliate in the and in K, Pich., elevated covered with oil entirely two; ovoid, Distribution: Stamens 88, Jahrb. of lateral branches and above these 14—38, mm, & tree, up ovate-lanceolate, mm. filaments short stamens none or mm. long. mm 5 to up (‘weinmanniae- 99 Bot. I3(—19) flowers; peduncle to up Tepals by i| 3 pairs ovate to ovate, t. 425, Schltr, & (1935) 128 holotype Lem. small above, 1 —5 arranged tepals, elliptic toobovate, ulate, 550; or slightly pointed, wide, cm 7 (1871) Gilg 22; Mus. Inflorescences axillary, equal cm. long fugacious, (1901) slightly below the middle, obtuse the lateral branches with flowers, 4a pairs of side branches with I up flowers, while the specimens subspecies. (1898) 25 ? dioecious shrub somewhat elevated or 1 —3 cm 4 Seemann ig8, under the Jahrb. Bot. or apex flat Pfl. Reich Type: — synonyms sometimes widest petiole Engl., (1923) 246; Christ., Bull. Bish. Monoecious nerves, in (1935) 83, 84. See for Anat.: Gilg of branches with pairs —4 pairs of flowers. —4 Trimenia weinmanniifolia Seemann, Fl. Vitiens. folia‘); to 1 1 of pairs 1 —3 from New Guinea (other than ‘arfakensis’) have 13 have specimens each branch and above these on the Marquesas), New Britain, bougainvilleensis 3 may distinct subspecies. represent a fourth but has much smaller inflores- 12 BLUMEA VOL. XDC, No. I, 1971 (cros es). stricto’ sens, ‘papuana (circles), ‘arfakensi ’ (dots), ‘myricodes’ pa uan : Trimenia in index leaf of diagram Scat er 2. Fig. W. flowers the cences, The leaves F. are Rodbnburc: are Female and revision fruiting material and leaves Branches, branchlets, irregular Branches, 1. Leaves 2. (Trimeniaceae) tepals and 12—16 TO is needed THE reach to and also least at too, when Seed young. tomentose-villous Leaves times long as wide, apex as acute; midrib and lateral nerves a. least times 2J as long Stamens Ridl., vitiensis Shrub as wide, Trans. small tree, or Linn. Soc., to up 5 —14 slightly pointed; entirely glabrous; Inflorescences branch, few a receptacle at or c. 3 mm c. by 9 Tepals mm. (o—)i—3 white; pistil rudimentary, anthers long, ridges. with expanded, thin, Fruit red Distribution: Ecology: at In 700—1700 Vernacular oleana glabrous nerves bougainvilleensis ssp. c. apex of 2 entirely mm to up c. spathulate, ones o or 4-lobed. — pistil I, c. 2, J 1 —x 2 elliptic, by 4 c. mm 4 2 f up to Bracts 9 flowers 2\ c. I mm, glabrous, stamens at mm, glabrous; 10—n, surface c. 2 mm radiating 4 —7 purple, stigmatic surface pink; seed obliquely ovoid, 9—12, yellow- or stigmatic glabrous, with ciliate slightly or stamens white base, glabrous; mm, by on from grading glabrous Male flowers: long, mm, 2 i glab- mm, long, entirely mm — c. mm, flowers: sterile by caudate, obtuse 10—20 pedicel mm; anthers mm, Female ovary to petiole errore. Leaves lanceolate sometimes auriculate long, ovate to obovate, to cuspidate glabrous. by z\ 5 in nomen, glabrous. nerves; brown when older. young, mm; 144, of lateral branches with outermost elliptic testa covered irregular ridges. Polynesia (Fiji and Samoa). primary and secondary forests on along tracks exposed places, or streams, m. names: Fiji; langolango (Vanua Levu), (Viti Levu); vovo Samoa; togo vao, The specimens from Samoa differ from the Fiji collections in the usually larger the smaller they have ssp. to racemes, the shorter the differences tepals. However, b. marquesensis matalafi (Savai'i). vao, Note. leaves, rich to pattern of a ij c. c. almost ovate, 14—38, rarely 3-or (1916) 9 pairs pairs of connective long, appendage sometimes to (index 16— 26 axes innermost when white-green cm cm, I —4 into Bot. II, outside. Flowers half, grading apex, 4 long, mm 3 strigose hairs i—2\ by i| —3J and other peduncle in the upper ciliate to up ovate-lanceolate, green Seed Stamens maturity. ssp. midrib and lateral Branches and branchlets 10 m. ovate-lanceolate, with cuspidate; c. to each acuminate to apex —16 12 or rous. young. weinmanniifolia. ssp. T. at when in villous b. glabrescent. or an weinmanniifolia ssp. woolly or with obhquely ovoid, 18—23 2. stamens. which remain definite conclusion. a a. usually 9 —n nerves SUBSPECIES entirely glabrous, leaves 13 radiating ridges. 5—7 2—2J Trimenia genus ridges branchlets, with ovoid, of pattern the except for the midrib and the lateral KEY 1. of robust but have only more early glabrescent villous above. A be considered as marquesensis (Brown) do not receptacles, allow belonging the same nov. stat. to Rodenburg, and the distinct a T. marquesensis F. B. H. Brown, Bull. Bish. Mus. Adamson Shrub, 47i, c. 4 and in my opinion subspecies. (1935) 82. — Type: Mumford & BISH. m. Branches and branchlets obviously glabrescent. acute to 130 usually smaller number of separation Leaves ovate-oblong slightly acuminate; villous midrib, slightly glabrescent except when densely to reddish oblong, 7J young, midrib and — especially nerves; woolly, 13Ï near 14—18 cm female specimens (index 2 — the base and pairs of apex along the nerves, nerves BLUMEA VOL. No. XIX, I, 14 and veins slightly elevated both on surfaces; villous, slightly glabrescent. Inflorescences with to up flowers 9 on each grading from ovate-oblong, rounded, slightly saccate, male flowers known) in the ciliate glabrous, 31 innermost mentary, I c. with 5 —7 Distribution: glabrous, subspecies More c. Folia fere Shrub, Leaves pairs of & of c. ad leaf, but never 39°9> up on hardly glabrescent. tepals spathulate, c. 2\ flowers; appendage of flowers; ovary especially testa on 2 the by § Ecology: Field notes: Note. The than in ssp. 1 young, cm, cm; testa at to into c. to green. in to cm, mm Fruit I glossy, on long, up to broadly to 3è by 17—22, in male c. 2 mm. mm; with 2 the obtuse; ovate, mm; up c. pedicel I mm, I mm, 4(—6) decussate ones flowers, only c. 2 at mm to villous, axes 2 mm, 2—\ ones innermost apex, light in female Pistil rudimentary in male 6—8 ridges; sparsely strigose, dark crimson. Seed ovoid, 2| by I f mm, ridges. Islands: Bougainville). mid-montane forests, light cuspidate, peduncle and other the innermost anthers c. glabrescent. young, to the base; (14—)i6 —20 near obovate, 2\ by long mm mm; when acuminate pairs of side branches with —5 2J c. 2 elliptic 3 glabrissima. Tepala —16. 10 3 somewhat shorter than the subtending 2 ijmm. Tepals in male flowers lengthwise ridges marquesensis. J c. flore reddish tomentose-villous, early glabres- or up to ovate, c. 12—16, radiating Bark brown entirely four of them in A, BRI, CANB, adulta cuspidata, villous apex the margin. Flowers connective places almost is specimens, draw conclusions whether to especially below, mm, equal ad reddish § —3 12—15 Melanesia (Solomon Exposed mm, variability within the subspecies. Stamina in ciliata. long, all tepals ciliate, ridges, pale BISH) five isotypes (not seen) acuminata cm, apicibus grading mm, the to nov. grading from mm with 6—7 distinct Distribution: due than-§ of the leaf-length, mm, only justified not in L, 5—8f by brown. Stamens to 2 c. rudi- Ovary mm. definite conclusion. a 1}—3 x saltern 8| by 51 Bracts seen ssp. sparsely strigose-tomentose; receptacle red-brown J neither is it clear whether the difference in the each branch; peduncle c. 2 rounded, 18— 23, lake Loluru. strigose-tomentose, especially nearly orbicular, c. Stamens saccate, 1000 m. holotype villous when to shorter I3( —19) flowers for above; petiole flat anthers Adamson 579, & merely or Rodenburg, omnia sparingly nerves, pointed; and base apex glabrous. mm. c. 2 base obtuse, apex dull red. Seed ovoid, 3 by c. at Branches and branchlets Inflorescences villous; receptacle mm, 25- long, base mm 3 the margin. Flowers (only mm, long, c. Islands). zone, dioecious; necessary lanceolate, to very or lanceolata, 3—:8J m. 5 5 or ( Mumford age Craven) orbiculata, oblong glabrous, cent. be Bougainville, oblonga exteriora by villous. Bracts densely ovate, on mm, i| mm mm, with fruits, it is one bougainvilleensis and LAE. 1 Fruit red of the cloud matter will Type: Schodde ( K, c. c. for the innovations. As I have a material ssp. connective is monoecious indumentum is by 3 elliptic, into and tomentose- pairs of lateral branches axes to reddish mm, ridges. with male flowers and this ovate, spathulate, fruiting specimen except and other truncate, pedicel i£ —2 mm; Polynesia (Marquesas forests In The Note:. 3 15 —30 7 cm, 2—3 outside especially long, glabrous. mm lengthwise Ecology: by by peduncle decussate, ones long; appendage of mm 5 ones io long, base mm half, grading upper 2 —4 branch, 4 villous, to up 17—22, 4 lower Tepals c. petiole to up 1971 grey. the at 1500—1700 Wood white, pinkish testa are in this creamy subspecies m. towards the much more centre. prominent W. F. Rodenbubg: A revision NOMEN grandifolia ‘Trimenia’ Warb. (Hochst.) Warb. Index ex of the Trimenia genus (Trimeniaceae) 15 EXCLUDENDUM Kcwensis, Suppl. (1906) I for sphalm. 439, Trimeria grandifolia (Flacourtiaceae). Identification list ANU bb (Flenly), 2060 23046, 31812 : : Clemens Darbyshire 1648, Flenly see Gibbs : Schodde Kalkman 2506 Manner : 6891 : 17829 12608 29038 4843 NGF. Gressitt 3a. : 9403b, 793: 3a. H2iobis, 3a. Hurlimann & Hatusima 2383, 2379, Hoogland 9232 : : 859 4455 Katik : 2400, & Hume 2074, Christophersen Compton 2. 41013: : 1902 : 2435 2. 1796: 1582, Gyldenstolpe & Pullen 5958, Hoogland 2. 1. 6157 : 2. s.n. : 2. Hoogland & 1. : 13450, 1405 1 Rachmat 911 : Sleumer see 2. 18245 5639, Vandenberg see Womersley Thome 7453, see see 8355 : NGF. BW. Vink NGF. & & Kloss 2. 9944, 8505, Holttum ssp.; : s.n. 10923, see 2. Kostermans 11016, 11232, NGF. Mumford : 6902 : 42007 (Womersley (Hartley), & 12162 2089, 2227, 12386, 12505 & Adamson (Henty), (Ridsdale) 142, : 2. 471, 12496 8441 (Womers- (Hartley), 12589 Holttum), 17159 (Nauaii), 17648 (Womersley), (Frodin), 28422 : Floyd), & (Millar), (Sayers), 23655 (Millar), 19957 27004 31286 2; & 24671 28429 (Lavarack Galore), (Womersley, Vandenberg & 39694 (Womersley), (Frodin), & Ridsdale) : (Vandenberg Galore), 42154 26204 (Frodin), 28491 3c; & 32896 Millar), (Vandenberg): 2. 2. NGF. Robbins 1338, 11788 (Millar 15767 30310 Kairo), 7875, (Womersley), (Womersley, Vandenberg 2837 see 4479 Royen), 3 8023 1522 : : 396, 537 : 2. Van Royen (see also NGF) 4364 : 2. Van Royen 2. 2. Schodde (& Craven) 3737, : 3909 3c. Seemann 198 : 3a. Smith 3a. Vandenberg, 16804 NGF. : 37287 1426, Ridsdale 7435, (van (Ridsdale), Kairo), NGF. Schodde 1888, 8466, Millar (Hartley), 11735 Thome), & (Frodin) 30243 & Pullen 2. NGF. (Womersley), (Vandenbcrg, Katik 709 see (Hartley), (Womersley 26808 2; Ledcrmann NGF. Millar 2. 11654 (Henty), (Coode, see 7671a, 2. : Kanehira see (Womersley), (Frodin) : 664, 4513, : 3b. 1006 Millar), (Sayers), Sayers see 2. : Street 408 579, 39814 10476 NGF. see Home 2. Ridsdale & & & Pulle 4413 Henty Nauaii see NGF. NGF ley (Versteegh), 2. Lavarack 500, 2748, 4348, 4349 : 10372 31188, 29569, 23200, 27005, NGF. see Gillespie 4382, 2. 3347, Christopherscn 2. 14570, 14774, 14775: Kairo Frodin NGF. see 12628, 22772, 23175, (Versteegh), 10369 (Versteegh), 2. 2588, ANU. 5743 Hartley BW 3082 3a. 2415, 3346, & : 316 Eyma : 2132, 2133 2. 11764, 2. Katik Coode, (Flenly): 2691 10862, 11292, 11601, 13991, 14409, 14416, 2083: 3a. & (Flenly), 2443 Brass 2. Bristol 2. (Versteegh) Carr : 23231 2 - Katik Vodonaivalu Womersley & & Kairo see NGF. & Koroiveibau Floyd see Womersley, Vandenberg NGF. & Vandenberg 15889, 16134 Womersley Galore see NGF. : & Millar see NGF. Versteegh 3a. & Millar see NGF. Womersley &