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Chapter 4, Section 1: Geography and Ancient Egypt The Big Idea: ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Ideas: 1. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 1: The _______________ __________________ brought life to Egypt and allowed it to thrive. ________________ flooding of the Nile made farming possible. Features of the Nile The Nile is the longest river in the world, with a distance of over _______ miles. Ancient Egypt included two regions, a southern and a northern region that were given their names by their relation to the Nile. At several points, the rough terrain caused ____________ or rapids to form. The Nile divided into several branches, forming a __________, a triangular area of land made from soil deposited by a river. ****Fact Check**** What were the two regions of Egypt called that the Nile flowed through??? ________________________________ and ________________________________ The Floods of the Nile Little rain fell in the Egyptian desert, but the Nile _______________ every year in the summer and the fall (Biannual). The Nile’s flooding coated the land around it with rich _________ that made the soil ideal for farming. Without the floods, people could never have _______________ in Egypt. ****Fact Check**** Why was Egypt called the Gift of the Nile? __________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 2: The Nile provided both water and fertile soil for farming. Egypt’s location offered another advantage because it had natural ___________ that made it hard to _____________. The Nile was an important means to ______________ soldiers and resources. The Nile River Valley ______________ were built to carry water to fields of _____________, ______________, _________________, and __________________. The Nile allowed farmers to raise animals such as cattle and sheep. The river also provided many types of fish to eat, and hunters trapped ducks and geese. Natural ________________ made Egypt hard to invade. ________________ in the West, ______________ in the North and East, _______________ from the South. ****Fact Check****What foods did the Egyptians eat? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did the geography of the region protect the Egyptian Civilization? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 3 According to tradition, ____________ rose to power in Upper Egypt and unified the two kingdoms by taking control of Lower Egypt and marrying a Lower Egypt princess. Menes was probably Egypt’s first ______________, the title used by the rulers of Egypt. He founded Egypt’s first ____________, or series of rulers from the same family. The First Dynasty lasted for about ___________ years and extended Egyptian territory southward along the Nile. ****Fact Check**** Describe how the Egyptian civilization developed. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Besides providing a stable and varied food diet, what other advantages did Egypt’s location provide for early Egyptians? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the single most important geographic feature that influenced the development of the Egyptian civilization? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 4, Section 2: The Old Kingdom The Big Idea: _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Ideas: 1. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 1: The ________ _______________ was a period in which the Egyptians developed a system based on the belief that the Pharaoh was both a king and a god. As population grew, __________ ____________ appeared. Egypt began to trade goods with its neighbors. Egyptian Society Pharaohs ruled as __________. Many ____________, or people from rich and powerful families, were officials and priests who helped run the government. _______________ and craftspeople wrote and produced goods. ______________, servants, and slaves made up most of Egyptian Society. ****Fact Check****Who would the people of Egypt blame if crops did not grow or disease struck?_________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 2: Religion Shaped Egyptian The Egyptians had gods for nearly everything including the sun, the sky, and the earth. These gods would often mix human and animal forms. Egyptian religion focused on the _________________, or life after death. They believed that when a person died, his ______ left the body and became a spirit. They developed __________________ to preserve bodies and keep the link between the body and the spirit. The specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth were called _____________________. ****Fact Check****The process for preserving dead bodies was called ___________ Describe the burial practices of the Egyptians________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 3: The Pyramids were built as Tombs for the Pharaohs _________________ are huge stone tombs with four triangular sides that meet in a point on the top. Pyramids displayed amazing __________________, or the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. The size and shape of the pyramids showed the _________________ of the pharaohs. They were the people’s link to the gods, so the Egyptians wanted their spirits to be happy. ****Final Fact Check**** The Purpose of the Pyramids was________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ What was the most important or central belief in the Egyptian religion? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ The most famous Pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was _________________________ Chapter 4, Section 3: The Middle and New Kingdoms The Big Idea: _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Ideas: 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 1: Following a period of _________________ for power between the nobles and the pharaohs, the Middle Kingdom began. Egypt fell into disorder around 1750 BC. A group called the ___________ invaded and ruled the region for 200 years. The Egyptians fought back, and _____________ of Thebes declared himself king and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt, beginning the New Kingdom. ****Fact Check**** What group took over Egypt in the Middle Kingdom? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 2: Fearing future _______________, the Egyptians took control of all possible invasion roots into the kingdom and created a permanent army. Egypt took over vast lands and was the leading ______________ power in the area. Egypt became rich because of the lands it ________________________. Growth and Effects of Trade Conquests brought traders into contact with distant lands, and __________ ____________ , or paths followed by traders, developed. _____________ ________________________ encouraged trade and used the profits to support the arts and architecture. Led by __________________ the _______________, Egypt fought invaders for many years, leaving their empire diminished. ****Fact Check**** What factor contributed most to the growth of trade in the New Kingdom? _____________________________________________________________________________ What effect did Egypt’s military strength have on the economy? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Main Idea 3: The complex society required people to take on many different kinds of ______ ____________ life was very important in the Egyptian society, and most Egyptians lived in their own homes. _______________ had many legal rights, including owing property, making contracts, and divorcing their husbands. Egyptian Jobs _________________ : Few people were more respected than these people who wrote in hieroglyphics. They did not have to pay taxes, and became wealthy. __________________, ________________, and ________________________ : These jobs required advanced skills and were very admired. _____________________ and ___________________: Although trade was so important, few held these positions. Some had to travel very long distances to buy and sell goods. __________________: Egypt created a permanent army and these men had the chance to rise in social status and receive land as payment. _________________ and __________________: The vast majority of the population. They grew crops to support their families and pay taxes. _________________: Usually criminals or prisoners. They had some legal rights, however. **** Final Fact Check**** What was the most common job in Egypt?______________ What queen helped expand Egypt’s trade?_____________________________________________ What was Ramses the Great known for?________________________________________________ How were women’s rights different than other places?______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________