Download Silviculture1-7 Field Botany-Flowers

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Basic Flower Structure
stigma
locule
carpel
gynoecium
style
ovule
pollen
ovary
Flower is perfect
Flower is monoecious
anther
filament
stamen
androecium
petal
corolla
receptacle
pedicel
sepal
calyx
perianth
Perianth is complete
• Flowers may be attached to the plant in a few ways:• If the flower has no stem but forms in the axil of a leaf, it is
called sessile.
• When one flower is produced, the stem holding the flower
is called a peduncle.
• The peduncle ends with groups of flowers, each stem that
holds a flower is called a pedicel.
 The parts of a flower are arranged in whorls on the torus. The
four main parts or whorls (starting from the base of the flower
or lowest node and working upwards) are :
1. Calyx 2. Corolla 3. Androecium
4. Gynoecium
• PERFECT FLOWERS (Bisexual)
Individual flowers contain both male (stamens) and female
(pistil) reproductive structures. Majority species
• IMPERFECT FLOWERS (Unisexual)
Either of Male or female reproductive organs missing. In
some species.
•
If an individual plant is either female or male the species is
regarded as Dioecious.
• where unisexual male and female flowers appear on the same
plant, the species is considered Monoecious.
• INCOMPLETE FLOWERS
Missing one of the four major parts of the flower.
• COMPLETE FLOWERS
Ovary Superior
Flower Hypogynous
Ovary Half-Superior
Flower Perigynous
Ovary Half-Inferior
Flower Epigynous
Ovary Inferior
INFLORESCENCE
 An inflorescence can be defined as the shoot system which
serves for the formation of flowers and which is modified
accordingly.
 The inflorescence form and position is important in routine
identification as well as in the determination of phylogenetic
relationships.
 Inflorescence types
 Determinate (monotelic) inflorescences
 Indeterminate (polytelic) inflorescences
Determinate (monotelic)
Indeterminate (polytelic)
Cymes – most common type of determinate inflorescences
Types of Cymes
Umbel
 An inflorescence in which all of the flowers often have pedicels of approximately equal
length that arise from a single region at the apex of the inflorescence axis.
 Determinate if the flowers open from the center first and then proceed to the
periphery.
 Indeterminate if the flowers open from the periphery first and then proceed to the
center.
(B) INDETERMINATE FLORESCENCE
 The growing point produces only lateral flowers or
partial inflorescences (groups of flowers).
 The flowering sequence usually starts at the base
(or outside) of the cluster.
TYPES:





Racemes
Spikes
Corymb. Example - Coriander
Panicle. Example - Lagerstroemia
Capitulum. Example Sunflower
Special types of
inflorescences
Catkin
Any elongated inflorescence composed
of numerous inconspicuous, usually
wind pollinated flowers. Eg.. Willows,
Mulberry
Hypanthodium
The receptacle becomes spherical with
a cavity inside. It opens to the outside
with a small opening. Numerous small
sessile flowers are produced from the
inner surface of the receptacle.e.g.
Ficus
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