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Delphine Bonneau Describe the seven features of peas (specify the dominant allele and phenotype) used in Mendel's experiments in plant hybridization (1865)! Johann Gredor Mendel (1822-1884) was a monk and botanist form Austria. He is known like a father of genetic. Mendel gave his name to the famous genetic laws: Mendel’s laws. Those laws define the phenomenon where genes are transmitted from generation to generation. During some years he studied vegetables (botanic, vegetables physiology ...). When he came back to his monastery (in Brno), he decided to make an experimental plantation about peas. In 1865, after 10 years working Mendel published his results. Near 150 years after, we always use his laws. The Mendel’s experimentation about peas consisted to cross some peas together. For this, he takes seven pea’s features into account. He had noted and studied the seven next phenotypes: - Form of the seed Cotyledon’s colour of the seed Colour of the flower Shape of the pod Colour of the pod Positioning of the stem Size of the stem First, Mendel has selected the pure race of the peas of each feature. It means, he chose for example green wrinkle peas come from other green wrinkle peas and yellow round peas come from other yellow round peas. Then, he crossed the plant between yellow round peas and green wrinkle peas (we are called it the parents). Result: At the first, we can see the “parents”, then, after the first crossing, we can see the “children”. Both are yellow and round, it is the first generation called F1. Then, Mendel had crossed the both peas form the F1 generation. We obtain the second generation called F2. On 16 exemplars, 9 are yellow and round, 3 are green and round, 3 are yellow and wrinkle and 1 is green and wrinkle. Here, we can conclude that there are dominants and recessives features. In this example, the Yellow and the Round are dominants features of the peas. Now, we call these features: dominant alleles. An allele is a form of gene in a same chromosome. Allele can resulted from different phenotype traits. There are recessives and dominants alleles. Delphine Bonneau Generally, the dominant give the phenotype. The phenotypes are all observable traits from the individual. This experiment had got a big impact on science, because today, we can understand the heredity’s phenomenon. References: - Phénotype, Allèles and lois de Mendel (2011), Wikipédia France. Retrieved, October 20, 2011. From http://fr.wikipedia.org Génétique (2011), L’Encyclopédie Canadienne. Retrieved, October 20, 2011. From http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=f1ARTf0003205 Les lois de Mendel (2011), Les catoirs Fantasque. Retrieved, October 20, 2011. From http://www.catoire-fantasque.be/dossiers/genetique/lois-mendel.html Les petits pois de Mendel: le compte était trop bon (2006), L’internaute. Retrieved, October 20, 2011. From http://www.linternaute.com/science/histoires-de-science/mendel/mendel.shtml
