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Transcript
Hand Generator Lab Name: Period: AP Physics Basically, a generator works by rotating a wire loop through a magnetic field. As the flux through the wire changes, an EMF is produced in the loop that can drive a current through any connected circuit. In this lab we will attach a light bulb to the generator and measure how quickly we must turn the generator to produce different amounts of EMF. Materials: Hand Generator Ammeter Voltmeter Flashlight Bulb Schematic diagram Procedure: 0. Connect the materials as shown in the schematic diagram. In place of the switch shown by the bulb, we will simply disconnect and reconnect the wire leading to the bulb. Hook up the voltmeter to measure voltages up to 5 V. Connect the ammeter to read currents up to 500 mA Part A – No load 1. Disconnect the wire leading to the bulb as shown in the picture. 2. Rotate the handle of the generator so that the voltmeter reads a constant 1.0 V. 3. Use the stopwatch to time 10 complete revolutions of the handle. Record the time in the data table 4. Calculate the period of the rotation (time for one rotation) and the frequency (number of rotations per time) Part B – Loaded 1. Connect the wire leading to the bulb as shown in the picture. 2. Rotate the handle of the generator so that the voltmeter reads a constant 1.0 V. 3. Read the current through the bulb from the ammeter. Record your result in the data table. 4. Use the stopwatch to time 10 complete revolutions of the handle. Record the time in the data table Base Wires 5. Calculate the period of the rotation (time for one rotation) and the frequency (number of rotations per time) Data Tables: Part A – No Load Voltage (V) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Time for 10 Revolutions (s) ∞ Period (s) ∞ Frequency (Hz) 0.0 Part B – Loaded Voltage (V) 0.2 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Current (A) Time for 10 Revolutions (s) Period (s) Frequency (Hz) Analysis: Part A – No Load 1. Graph the voltage produced as a function of the frequency of turning. Leave some extra room on the x-axis for later work. Draw a line of best fit when you are done graphing. 2. Use your graphing calculator to find a best-fit equation for the graph. Record your equation near the line, be sure to plug in appropriate variables for x and y in the equation. Part B – Loaded 1. On the graph above, graph the voltage produced as a function of the frequency of turning for the second set of data. Draw a line of best fit when the graph is complete. 2. Use your graphing calculator to find a best-fit equation for the graph. Record your equation near the line, be sure to plug in appropriate variables for x and y in the equation. 3. On the graph below, graph the voltage produced in the generator as a function of the current flowing through the circuit. Draw a line of best fit through the points. 4. Use your graphing calculator to find a best-fit equation for the graph. Record your equation near the line, be sure to plug in appropriate variables for x and y in the equation. Questions 1. How different are the lines for voltage as a function of frequency from the two different parts of the lab? Why might they be different? 2. Looking at the graph of voltage as a function of current, explain the shape of the graph based on how the generator and the light bulb (which is non-ohmic) behave in the circuit.