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Climate Change Update
INDC Sector Meeting
23rd May 2016
Overview
 Paris Agreement
 Kenya’s international response: Intended
Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)
 Kenya’s Domestic response: Climate Change
Paris Agreement
 174 countries and the EU signed Paris Agreement on 22nd April 2016
 Aim: to reach global peaking of GHG emissions as soon as possible.
 Goal of limiting global average warming to “well below” 2º Celsius,
above pre-industrial levels , and pursuing efforts to limit the
temperature increase even further to 1.5º Celsius.
 Countries are expected to determine at the national level what actions
that are willing and able to take to achieve this goal.
 Counties will communicate Nationally Determined Contributions
(NDCs) – their national climate change action plans that include a
GHG emission reduction target – every five years that detail action
towards meeting the goal.
 Counties are expected to submit a new NDC in 2020, and each NDC
will represent an increase in ambition.
Paris Agreement
 Adaptation – global goal of enhancing adaptive
capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing
vulnerability to climate change.
 Loss and Damage – compensation for vulnerable
countries for climate change that is impossible to
adapt to. However, developed countries will not
accept liability for climate compensation.
 Carbon Trading – countries can choose to “cooperate”
in meeting their NDCs by trading emissions rights. A
Sustainable Development will allow one country to
pay for emission reductions in another country
Paris Agreement
 Finance – developed countries to take the lead in
supplying finance; US$100 billion annually is the
floor for climate finance going forward beyond
2020.
 New technology framework and enhanced
capacity building framework – to be put in place
 Transparency – almost all countries to regularly
measure their emissions and report progress
against their NDCs. This reporting would be at
least every two years.
Kenya’s International Response
 Kenya signed the Paris Agreement on 22nd April
 By signing, Kenya has expressed its willingness to consent
to the text of the Paris agreement and has the effect of
obligating Kenya … to refrain, in good faith, from acts that
would defeat the object and purpose of the Agreement.
 Cabinet and National Assembly approvals are mandatory
before Kenya can ratify the Paris Agreement.
 Upon ratification, the Paris Agreement will become part of
Kenya’s legal system.
 When depositing the ratification instruments, Kenya may
decide to submit the INDC submitted in 2015 as the NDC
under the Paris Agreement; or Kenya may opt to submit a
new NDC. However, Kenya will not backtrack from the
initial 30% emission reduction target.
Kenya’s INDC
 Mitigation - 30% emissions reductions by 2030
from BAU scenario.
Based on Kenya’s NCCAP
 Adaptation - enhanced resilience to climate
change towards the attainment of Vision 2030.
Based on Kenya’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP)
 Conditional on international support in the form of
finance, investment, technology development and
transfer, and capacity building.
Mitigation Contribution
The Second National Communication determined that Kenya’s
projected emissions for 2030 are 143 MTCO2e. Kenya has
potential to reduce projected emissions by 86 MTCO2e. The INDC
mitigation target is half this potential or 43 MTCO2e.
GHG Emissions MTCO2e
160
140
Waste
120
Industrial Processes
100
Agriculture
Transportation
80
Energy Demand
60
Electricity Generation
40
Forestry
20
0
1995
Low Carbon Pathway
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Composite abatement potential for all sectors for Kenya (technical potential) in MTCO 2eq
Source: Government of Kenya (2015), Second National Communication, page 172.
Mitigation Contribution
The
Mitigation Contribution
 All sectors to work toward mitigation goals
 Analysis based on the NCCAP and SNC; data
and information mainly from 2011/2012.
 Data and information has improved
 Need for sector experts to update information to
enable analysis to be basis for INDC
implementation plan.
Adaptation Contribution
 INDC adaptation goals based on priority adaptation
actions that are identified and elaborated in the
Kenya’s National Adaptation Plan: 2015-2030 (NAP).
 Plan adopts a mainstreaming approach across all
sectors in the national planning, budgeting and
implementation processes.
 Priority macro-level actions and sub-actions are
identified in 20 Medium Term Plan planning sectors
for the short, medium and long term.
Kenya’s Domestic Response
Climate Change Act, 2016
 Signed into law by the President on 6th May
 Act of Parliament to provide a regulatory
framework for an enhanced response to climate
change.
 Establishes the National Climate Change
Council, chaired by His Excellency, the President,
responsible for overall coordination and advisory
functions.
Climate Change Act, 2016
 National Climate Change Action Plans and CIDPs are
the basis for implementing climate change activities
every five-year period.
 Provides for setting GHG emission reduction targets
and sets out obligations for measuring, reporting and
verification of emissions.
 Provides for establishing incentives and obligations
for the private sector contribution to low carbon
climate resilient development.
 Establishes the Climate Change Fund as a financing
mechanism for priority climate change actions and
interventions.
Climate Change Framework Policy
and draft Climate Finance Policy
Climate Change Framework Policy
 Adopts a mainstreaming approach that includes integration of
climate change considerations into development planning,
budgeting and implementation in all sectors and at all levels of
government.
 Sets out the framework for climate change governance, and
guidance for regulation (taken up in the CC Act).
Draft Climate Finance Policy
 Establishes the legal, institutional and reporting frameworks to
access and manage climate finance, consistent with the
institutional structures and framework set out in the Climate
Change Act, 2016.
 Goal of the Policy is to further Kenya’s national development
goals through enhanced mobilisation of climate finance that
contributes to low carbon climate resilient development goals.