Download 6.4 - Trimble County Schools

Section 4
The Age of Napoleonism Begins
Not as short as you might think!
Napoleon's height was once commonly given as 5'2", but many
historians have now credited him with another 4 inches
owing to a miscalculation between French and English units of
measurement.
No resemblance!!
Section 4
The Age of Napoleon Begins
 Directory: Five man panel of elected
officials; male property owners.
- Only lasted four years
- Continuing rising bread prices and
supporters of restoring the monarchy
made it weak.
 Politicians turned to Napoleon Bonaparte.
 Nationalism spread throughout France.
Section 4
The Age of Napoleon Begins
 Napoleon Bonaparte:
Born on the island of Corsica
Many dazzling victories on the battlefield
In 1799 he turned into a political leader
Overthrew Directory and set up
Consulate; named himself FIRST
CONSUL
By 1804 he had enough power to become
Emperor of France.
He shocked crowds by crowning himself!
Section 4
The Age of Napoleon Begins
 Plebiscite: vote by ballot for citizens to
say yes OR no to Napoleon and his ideas.
Napoleon’s Actions
- Built roads, canals; other
infrastructure
- Public schools under gov’t control;
for military purposes
- Made jobs “open to all talents”
Section 4
The Age of Napoleon Begins
 Napoleonic Code:
- Citizens equal before the law
- Religious toleration
- Advancement based on merit
- Women did not have rights of citizenship
- Men had authority over wife and children
- He valued order and authority over
individual rights
The End of an Era
 Napoleon wanted to carry his
ideas across Europe,
nationalism kept troops going.
 Europe resented Napoleon’s
attempt to impose French
culture.
 Nepotism: favoritism shown to
relatives by a person in high
office.
 Gave power to siblings.
 Named brother, Joseph, ruler of
Spain; they resisted.
French Empire at its greatest extent in 1811
The End of an Era
 Napoleon wanted to invade Great Britain
and could not!
 Imposed the Continental System –
closing European ports to British goods.
 Britain would prove to be Napoleon’s
nemesis.
The End of an Era
 Guerrilla Warfare: hit and run raids by
small bands of soldiers.
 Russia broke ties with France.
 Grand Army: Over 600,000 troops
assembled by Napoleon to invade Russia,
1812.
 “Scorched Earth” Policy: To avoid war, the
Russians retreated away from Napoleon
burning villages and crops along the way.
The End of an Era
 Troops couldn’t make it through the Russian
winter and were forced to turn back; 1,000
miles home.
 Only 20,000 troops made it home!
 Napoleon’s image was shattered, losing his
next battle, the victors exiled him to Elba.
 Louis XVIII became king; it was a disaster.
 Many people wanted Napoleon back; he
escaped from Elba and returned to Paris to
cheering crowds!
 Called the One Hundred Days
The End of an Era
 The Battle of Waterloo:
 “This whole affair will not be more
serious than swallowing one’s
breakfast.”
 Defeated by allied forces led by
Duke of Wellington of Britain.
 Napoleon exiled to St. Helena, died
there in 1821.
 European leaders promoted
legitimacy. France was ringed by
strong countries.
 Louis XVIII is restored to the throne
in France.