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Rates in Fluid Systems • Volume Flow Rate = Δ in volume / time interval V = ΔV / Δt = cross sectional area x fluid speed V = Aν – Units of measurement: m3/s, ft3/min, liters/h, etc. • Mass Flow Rate = Δ in mass / time interval m = Δm / Δt = fluid density x cross sectional area x fluid speed m = ρAv – Units of measurement: g/s, kg/min, slug/hr, etc. Applications of Fluid Rates • • • • • Bottling plants City water supply systems Air compressors The space shuttle Can you thin of anything else? Rate in Electrical Systems • The flow of charge is called the current it is the rate at which electric charges pass though a conductor. – The charged particle can be either positive or negative. Measuring Current and Voltage • Ammeters measure current in electrical circuits. • Voltmeters measure potential difference (voltage) in electrical circuits. • What are the two types of electrical circuits? Series Circuit Parallel Circuit Ohm’s Law • Voltage = Current x Resistance V=IxR V- volts I- amperes R-ohms Resistors • What is the current of a circuit that has 3 V and 0.5 ohm of resistance? • What is the resistance if voltage is 3.0 V and current is 1.5 A? Rate in Thermal Systems • Conductors vs. Insulators • Transfer of thermal energy – Conduction • Transfer of thermal energy when here is a temperature difference between adjacent parts (ie. Touching a hot surface) – Convection • Transfer of heat by the movement of fluids (ie. Heat form a fire) – Radiation • Thermal energy transferred as a wave. (ie. Sunlight) Assignment • Answer 1 – 5 pg 146 – 147 • Answer 1-5 pg 155, sketch and identify circuits in #11 pg 156 • Answer 1-3 pg. 164 • Drop me your acceleration Lab from last week