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The Early Romans The Impacts of their Neighbors Founding of Rome • Nobody really knows who Rome’s first King was • The first Romans were Latins – one of several groups to settle Italy before 1000BCE • Around 700BCE a Latin tribe may have built Rome on the Palatine – one of 7 hills around Rome Roman Culture • As the city of Rome grew, their culture was influenced by their neighbors: The Etruscans and The Greeks • The Etruscans controlled much of northern Italy between 800-600BCE • The Greeks established cities in southern Italy and on Sicily The Influence of Etruscan Engineering • The Romans became great builders – owe their knowledge of engineering and building science to the Etruscans • The arch and the cuniculus • An arch is a semi-circle supported by two columns and a keystone • A cuniculus is a long underground trench connected to the earth above by long shafts (modern day sewer system) The Influence of Etruscan Sport • The Romans adopted 2 bloody sports • Slave Fighting and Chariot Racing (Also Greek) • In Roman stadiums, slaves died fighting as gladiators – trained to fight for entertainment The Influence of Greek Architecture • Greeks built marble temples as homes for their gods. • The Romans used columns and marble for their public buildings • Began using cement to build Pantheon, the Coliseum, and the Circus Maximus The Influence of Greek Writing • (1) The Greek alphabet was adopted by the Etruscans and (2) the Etruscans changed it. • Then (3) the Romans borrowed the Etruscan alphabet and changed it. • Like the Greeks, Romans wrote in all capital letters • Like the Greeks, Romans carved important documents like laws and treaties into bronze or stones • Romans carved into walls and columns • Roman authors were inspired by Greek mythology The Influence of Greek Art • Greek pottery was admired by Etruscans and Romans • Greek pottery was highly valued, used to store goods, and painted with figures, heroes, gods, etc. • Romans took Greek artists into their homes, and Romans imitated Greek styles but created their own lively and realistic style • Roman sculptors were skilled at creating life-like statues The Influence of Greek Mythology • The early religion in Rome was a mixture of many influences • From the Etruscans, Romans would celebrate religious rituals in founding their cities • Romans had their own gods, but as they mixed with Greek mythology, similar god’s from each culture would be blended to make a Roman god • Romans simply adopted some of the Greek gods as their own, and gave them Roman Names (Zeus = Jupiter; Aries = Mars) • For Romans, mythology was less important than strict ritual for exact occasions.