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History of the World Chapter 19 Notes Science and Industry in the Modern Age Evolution An attempt to separate science from its Christian heritage Age of Industry England led the Industrial Revolution Protestant Work Ethic Biblical teaching that God expects all men to work People Nicolaus Copernicus – 1543 introduced idea of a Heliocentric Universe Johannes Kepler – discovered the three laws of planetary motion Galileo – said that the language of science is mathematics Isaac Newton – discovered the universal law of gravitation Albert Einstein – known for his theories of relativity Andreas Vesalius – “Father of Anatomy” William Harvey – first to describe the circulation of blood in the human body Charles Darwin – wrote “The Origin of Species” where his idea of evolution was explained Wright Brothers (Wilbur and Orville) – first successful airplane flight Henry Ford – developed the first assembly line, making automobiles affordable for average American 1 Inventions Invention Seed Drill Steel Plow Reaper Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Cotton Gin Steam Engine Steam locomotive Steamship Internal Combustion Engine Model T Telegraph Telephone Inventor Jethro Tull John Deere Cyrus McCormick John Kay James Hargreaves Eli Whitney James Watt George Stephenson Robert Fulton Gottlieb Daimler Henry Ford Samuel Morse Alexander Graham Bell Vocabulary Astrology – idea that the stars rule the destinies of men Heliocentric – sun centered view of the universe Geocentric – earth centered view of the universe Royal Society – first permanent scientific society of the modern age Technology – the practical application of science to industry Domestic system – work that was done from home or in small private shops Cotton Gin – revolutionized agriculture in the South Erie Canal – completed in 1825, connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River Suez Canal – completed in 1869, joined the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean Philanthropy – “love of mankind”, rich people who give to the poor 2 Capitalism – (Free Market System), brought the western world the greatest wealth and luxury for the greatest number of people 3 Chapter 20 Notes The New World of Classics Famous Music Composition Messiah Fifth Symphony Swan Lake, The Nutcracker Writer George Fredrick Handel Ludwig and Beethoven Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky People Isaac Watts – “Father of the English Hymn” Albrecht Dürer – famous for drawing of Hands of an Apostle or Praying Hands William Shakespeare – the greatest writer the world has ever known Alexander Pope- greatest poet of the 18th century Famous Literature Literature Paradise Lost Pilgrim’s Progress Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Writer John Milton John Bunyan Daniel Defoe Vocabulary Classic – is a work of superior excellence that has stood the test of time Word of God – the greatest classic of all Minstrels – professional musicians who wandered from town to town to preform Child Prodigy – a child of highly unusual talent or genius 4 Romanticism – art characterized by its passion and imagination Realism – art characterized by objects painted actually looking like that object Impressionists – art that emphasized the minute details and the effect of changing light (Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh famous for this) **Map Locations to Know** Spain Belgium Seine River Bay of Biscay Paris Geneva Switzerland Monaco English Channel Pyrenees Mountains 5
