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LIFE OF KHADIJA Biography History 134 4/21/2015 Rob Parker 1 “Islam did not rise except through Ali’s sword and Khadija’s wealth.” The legacy that Khadija has left behind for the Islamic faith is as great as any one person had for his or her faith. Now a very common name for girls among the Muslim faith is Khadijah. This is to show respect to the first wife of Muhammad. Khadijah was born in five hundred sixty-five A.D. in Meccai (Makkah.) Daughter of Khuwaylad ibn (son of) Asad ibn Abdul-Uzza and Fatima Bint Zalida. Khadija’s family was a large family but this was not uncommon during these times. She had two brothers, Hizam and al-Awwam, along with a half-brother Nawful. Along with those two brothers she had two sisters, Raqayqa and Hala. Khadija along with her family belonged to the clan of Banu Hashimii of the tribe of Banu Asad which was a part of the bigger Quraysh tribe. She is a distant cousin of her husband Muhammad and a direct relative of the great Qussay Ibn who was the keeper of Ka’aba and ruler of Mecca. She is known to Muslims as al-Kubraiii and al-Tahiraiv. These names have been given to her because she was often seen feeding the poor and assisting her relatives in need. Her name Khadijah means “pre-mature” suggesting that she was born pre-mature. Although she was born pre-mature her father Khuwaylad and her mother Fatima were not worried, they took this as a sign of greatness to come. Khadija’s personality was one of her special traits, she was known to be very determined and intelligent. Her father Khuwaylad was a wealthy businessman that transported and traded goods from foreign lands providing Khadija a very good life. As his daughter, Khadija spent her childhood sitting in the bazaars learning to negotiate and bargain with his business partners. The society she was born into was very male oriented meaning that they did not respect women and they would not have high ranking roles. Although this was the norm for women in Mecca at this time, in her case, she was respected due to her personality, character and honorable decent. It is rumored that if she did not have this honorable decent she would have not been able 2 to have the role that she did. As Khadija grew older she admired her father’s work, learning as much as she could because she knew that she would become the owner of this company when her father either retired or died. While growing up she was very close to her father because most of her time was spent with him. However this closeness would not last forever because by five eight-five A.D, Khadija was left an orphan. The deaths of her father and mother would leave her with a feeling of emptiness but this did not stop her in her pursuits to become a successful woman. With this motivation, Khadija followed her father’s footsteps and successfully became a well-known business woman earning the name Ameerat Quraishv. With Khadija’s rising success she wanted to marry and have children so that they could follow in her footsteps like she had followed in her fathers. Her first husband was Abu HalahHind ibn Zar’ah. From her first husband young Khadija had a son she named after her husband, Hind. Hind became one of the greats Sahabis which is a companion of the Holy Prophet. Her son Hind also participated in battles of Badr and Vhud, and is also famous for describing her future husband, the Prophet Muhammad. Her son was blessed with the same qualities as her being seen as a man of honor, righteousness and generosity. She later had two other sons with Abu HalahHind named at-Tahir and Halah. After the death of her husband due to the warsvi, all of her attention was devoted to the upbringing of her children. Along with the upbringing of her children she wanted to build up the business she inherited from her father. Although at the time she was devastated, this ended up being one of the best things that could have happened to her. This devotion added with her unique business skills aloud Khadija’s trading to be one of the most widespread business among the Qurayshvii. With the death of her first Husband and after her children and business grew to her expectations, she married again. Her second husband was Ateeq ibn Aa’ith ibn ‘Abdullah al- 3 Makhzumi who was from the Tamin tribe. This marriage was a strange one because the two clans were a traditional rival of one another. Ateeq and his brothers were noblemen of the Tamin tribe and when moving to Mecca they looked for Quraysh wives. Together Khadija and Ateeq had three children, two boys and one girl. The children that Khadija had with this second husband have been debated on whether or not they were actually with Ateeq or her future and last husband Muhammad. But none the less, her first child was Kunya, her second son Hind. The daughter Zaynab unfortunately died at a young age. The marriage ended in the same way as the first when Ateeq died in battle. With this death many men tried to marry Khadija because she was the richest women in Mecca, but she refused. After the death of her second husband she had become the richest woman in Mecca. Some reports claim that she owned half the trade in Mecca but others did not, they did agree on the fact that she was the wealthiest trader of this time. Her policy when trading was to employ hardworking, honest, and distinguished men to deal on her behalf. This policy lead to her meeting Muhammad and the eventual birth of the Islamic faith. Since she did not travel with her trade caravans she had to rely on some else to act as her agent to trade on her behalf. In 595 A.D. she needed an agent to trade her goods to Syria. When talking to Abu Talib a close business associate, he suggested young Muhammad because he was known as Sadiqviii and al-Amin.ix At this point young Muhammad had no solo business experience but had accompanied his uncle, Abu Talib and learned trade tips and the skill of bartering. With all of this being said, Khadijah decided to give him the chance at the age of 25. Khadijah offered him two times the commission that she usually offered her other trading agents. Along with the money she also offered him one of her servants, Maysarah who was young, brilliant and talented to assist him with his journey. She had him carry a cargo of hides, raisins, perfumes, light weight woven items, silver bars, and 4 herbs. The success of this trip was the fuel for Muhammad’s thoughts of Islam because on this trip he met a monk that talked to him about religious things. The trip profited her two times the amount she had predicted which blossomed the relationship between Khadijah and Muhammad. The trips success encouraged her to employ Muhammad again to travel to Yemenx. This time offering him three times the amount of usual commission. This second trip was also very successful and brought her a lot of profit. Khadijah was now thinking that she had finally found a man who was worthy of her, so she initiated the marriage proposal herself. She was so worried about her proposal to Muhammad, one night she had a dream that helped guide her though it. This dream was that the shinning sun had descended from the heavens to her courtyard, glowing on her home. She brought this dream to her cousin Waraqah bin Nawful, who was a blind person known for his skill in interrelating dreams. When he heard the dream he said the sun she was descending in her courtyard indicated that the prophet would grace her home and she would gain from his presence in her life. After this meeting her desire to marry Muhammad became stronger and she sent her friend Nafisah bint Manbah to talk to Muhammad for her. She told Muhammad about the love that Khadijah had for him, he was surprised and accepted this proposal. At the time of the marriage he was twenty five and she was forty. This marriage gave her the most children out of any marriage. She and Muhammad had six children together! Qasim, Zaynab, Abdullah, Ruqayya, Umm-Kulthum, and Fatima. This marriage was a very happy one, the only down part was the two children who died in infancy; Qasim and Abdullah. At this time in her life Khadija was a very wealthy lady, so wealthy that she felt no need to keep trading. She retired to enjoy a life with her husband and children. Khadija enjoyed spending time with him doing activities with him such as meditatingxi. Khadija’s happiness eventually started to go downhill after fifteen years because of her husband’s travels promoting Islam. 5 Khadija died of a fever on the tenth or eleventh day of the month of Ramadanxii. She had died three years before the Hiraj. When Muhammad saw her in the process of death he consoled saying “Allah had so ordained it, and the thing she was dreading, would prove favorable for her.” The death of Khadija ended her twenty four year marriage to Muhammad. When she passed away, Muhammad was heartbroken at the loss because she had stood by him during the most difficult period of his life. After her death Muhammad always talked good on her behalf, at some time even making his future wives jealous. Khadija was buried at Hajonxiii on the outskirts of Mecca. It was reported that by the time of her death, her entire wealth had already been spent to promote Islam. Khadija is the mother of Islam because without her and her wealth, Muhammad would not have been able to spread Islam as effectively. She is also known as this because other than Muhammad, she was the first to convert to the Islamic faith. i City in now a day Saudi Arabia. Also translated to Mekkah. Is a clan in the Quraysh tribe iii The great iv The pure v or the Princess of Quraish vi Many battles had been fought with opposing tribes and clans during this time. vii Powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca viii The truthful ix The trustworthy x Arab country in southwest Asia. xi Muhammad would do this for days at a time even up to thirty days in a row, he said it would help clear his mind, this is where he says he was first talked to by god. xii Ninth month of Islam colander, month of fasting. xiii A plateau with caves. ii Al-Jibouri, Y. T. (n/a, n/a n/a). Kjadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid, wife or prophet Muhammad. . Retrieved from Al-islam.org: www.al-islam.org/articles/Kjadijah-daughter-of-Khuwaylid-wife-of-prophetMuhammad. 6 Britannica, E. o. (2015, Febuary 2). Kjadijah. Retrieved from Britannica: www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316024/khadijah n/a. (2015, n/a n/a). Muslim woman: past and present . Retrieved from wisemuslimwomen: www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/khadija_bint_khuwalid/ Publications, D.-u. S. (n/a, n/a n/a). Great women of Islam. Retrieved from islamswomen: www.islamswomen.com/article/khadija_bint_khuwlid.php 1) This website was all about the life of Khadija, her family, and her friends. This website was very easy to understand and the information was very helpful. It talked about her early life, midlife and the end of her life. It fit very well for my paper because it was everything I needed to know for a biography. 2) This website was about the life of Khadija as well. This website had a small amount of information but it was still helpful and aided to the work of my paper. This website was easy to comprehend and the information was straight forward 3) This website on the Muslim women past and present allowed me to know about Khadija’s life. This website helped me understand the life Khadija lived and how she lived it. It gave me insight on her family and her husbands. It taught me a lot about Muhammad and the way he spread Islam. This website was helpful in understanding every aspect of her life. This websites information was easy to understand and followed her life. 4) This website was about the life of Khadija and how she lived it. This websites information was easy to understand and the way it was written helped me see her life in a descriptive way. It fit my paper because it helped me learn about her life which aided me in writing a biography on her.