Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
28 BLUMEA (1982) 151 163 - a new Pentastemona, 5-merous genus of Monocotyledons from North Sumatra (Stemonaceae) C.G.G.J. van Steenis Summary A new, short-stemmed merous and their characters Attention is called is description checked were the the first and and the four seed artificial an the Monocots. key the to the Dr. four is genera Pentastemona sumatrana., there is given by J. of the that the be split observations Dr. Muller. regular, 5- discussed are on a natural new family family A up. is anatomical features P. Baas. A concise account Besides for the second It has family for the first time described. are not crystals, by combination one new should Some genera. Stemonaceae. genera It is concluded and structure, established, especially concerning the in the The four genera. of or palynology aril in peculiar characters given is described species two among The fruit and seed of Stichoneuron contrasted. for the vegetative in one, with genus flowers, obviously the P. species, type new of species, egregia (basionym Cryptocoryne egregia Schott). In the 1959, of his work towards course Dr. C. H. D. Korthals collection not van belong den in dots still /. the West to the type of C. a family, possibly some feature doubt even Araceae, to based suggesting that R. Liliaceae. Dr. but in Cryptocoryne 1968) because of the (in common genus egregia Schott (1863), Sumatra, from this genus, another maintained leaves, revision of the Araceous a rejected in Central Araceae, but to Brink raphide de Wit C. on a it did Bakhuizen occurrence otherwise rare of in Monocots. The smallish suggested was plant, an probably already the type with in Schott's time, so submitted was tified Araceae and Dr. to among by species As I W. Dr. would Meijer not remained examined the was a new 1955, Meijer and suggested it connecting to the curved he did superficially describe any floral parts. not collection of the the probably interested in the together same type locality. m In 1972 with other uniden- species, hailing 600 at altitude in from the primary Also in Nicolson's view the belong nerves to Dr. species, 1975) which according thought of that had also rosulate leaves Araceae. to distinctly pollen (in as Nicolson, Washington, Araceae-Philodendroideae. In 1978 Mr. J. we ± and stem Westcoast of Sumatra, collected in belong Dan them well-known Anei canyon, forest short rhizomatous a habit, but the type (in L) is in bad and almost sterile condition. It Araceous to Bogner him because (Fig. 2d), of Muller, examined the to come to a on my request, resemblance specimen As a peculiar finely the but hesitated a Stichoneuron. Stemonaceae, cf. affinity J. suggested with collected matter of by fact trabeculate veins conclusion because of the sheathing leaf-base and the manifest difference in habit with the other known three genera of the herbs with a family, Stemona, mostly leafy stem, the leaves rather insufficient for accurate a climber, having no description. and Croomia and Stichoneuron, sheathing base. Meijer's material erect was also BLUMEA 152 1978 In Dr. W. and Mrs. J. J. VOL. O. species. canyon material flowers that the to it same distinct but stem leafy erect, rhizomatous all Tomlinson & one erect rhizomatous stem they Ridl. and base. Stemona on occur (3 generality most a Sav. the leaves Franch. Lour, are & they Gagnepain one peculiar flimsy the strengthens lower cf. opposite are a in scattered lacking on a a short, a leaf-insertion, narrow in Stemonaceae a (Fig. lb). or or pauciflora (BKF32037), in stem a matter sessilifolia (Miq.) S. /. ( Wight 2821). carrying only scale-leaves! 1968). are the material In Also from distichy of is in its of the to make is insufficient same (Bl.) in habit Stemona is Indochina four in the a Stemona japonica (Bl.) Franch. in whorls of 3-4-5, and the moluccana stem statement always distichous, I feel doubt about the in Stemona. in S. a true in Stemonaceae. The Stemonaceae mentioned, but Ottelia a rare small, holds for S. C. H. more erect sessilifolia Wright variable species and in than and S. mostly also an genera sumatrana is the occurrence feature in Monocots. It is also known, of (Hydrocharitaceae), other plants. in Butomaceae types for the four occur on Ayensu (1968: with scale-leaves. some e.g. present in as also Torr. As the absence of largely affinity In fine trabeculate venation between occurs leaves on the stem stem-base in Stichoneuron caudatum absent, the the mutual wings (Fig. lc-d), texture. the agreement for all three genera, and this sustains the Furthermore, Burmanniaceae, Monocots, and the normal they sheathing. in many sheets in the Leiden japonica Miq. nodes are be to S. pierrei Gagn., and S. minor Hook. not true opposite. of Croomia because Tomlinson & feature of the ovary and fruit of Pentastemona much thicker in venation is recorded possibly very new and pairs) two viz., check whether scale-leaves kerrii Craib the leaves just certainly and (Liliaceae), The on only provided but distinct in course, instead of the stem-base of Croomia satisfactory Sav. aphyllous A also the stem-bases assumed. of on (corrected by Ayensu, true on decision. However, it tuberosa in genera, (? spirally) unknown especially the stem-base of C. Ayensu (1968) that not other of Croomia with that the difference with Pentastemona is scale-leaves Anei this liquid, 5-merous flowers with regular, tepals (mostly their detailed expose me to This induced Craib normal leaves latter. The observation (Miq.) having feature a scale-leaves Siebold sheets), aphylla Tomlinson & in the horizontal rhizome in Croomia the stem-base of Stemona There is thus opinion 4 of the Sumatran which then lacks genus, occurrence also They Franch. & Sav. & leaves However, in on the identify stem Stemona. and occur on having differs from the in Stichoneuron and in Stemona, Herbarium. In to tempted fig. 35) depict their of fact it stem, the rooting sheathing Thus the the others rather crowded leaves having described in full the scale-leaves Stichoneuron the from specifically preserved Ayensu (1968: 273) said that all three genera then known have distichous without is was three genera in the leaf-base with wide insertion, sheathing leaves from (Fig. lc-d), Also vegetatively ovary. different Gajo Lands, collections apparently two that in the one-celled ovary it would well fit into Stemonaceae, but manifestly inferior ovary and fruit superior in the expedition an pleasure, my material no 1982 1, contain both flowers and fruit in excellent condition. In dissecting the to appeared it differs to though distinctly genus, Though unfortunately proved No. de Wilde made North Sumatra, and their material contained, belonging 28, Paris delavayi Dioscoreaceae there is also the curved (Hydrocleis). of Stemonaceae. In nerves is not a (Franch. wing, but uncommon in Fig. 2a-d I have pictured the C. G. Fig. d. E. 1. Pentaslemona de Wilde-Duyfjes van Steenis: Pentastemona sumatrana Steen. flower, tepals removed, 17010). G. J. x 6; 18695). e. — a. Habit, ribbed seed with Penlaslemona x 4; 153 (Stemonaceae) b. base funicular aril, egregia (Schott) of leaf x 25 sheath, (W. Steen. f. x 1½; J. J. O. Flower, c. flower, de Wilde & x 2 (W. x 6; B. E. Meijer BLUMEA 154 of Root-system 273, fig. 35) This has gave bud in the axil of one the in Descriptions a this are, are rhizome from of possible, not detailed are way that the course, f. less of (1965). characteristic for this it remains Concluding, erect stem be studied to in Fruit and seed incompletely Small (1933), Ohwi species; surprising who is wrote the finally Croomia is thinner than In Stemona cf. kerrii Craib (? storage) of roots Pentastemona 5-10 c. long, cm seem egregia without any in Croomia japonica, in The fruit of Stemonaceae — were and finally Japanese species very of plate published occur. as In undescribed. yet as stated and figured 2-valved in the American of Croomia. This is rather thin. pericarp, in that genus, the dehiscent remains unknown yet, but as many field whether superior with about the size of thatin seeds a thin expected to it. shimmering through pericarp shown in Croomia. In view of the 3-zoned fruit of Pentastemona, if dehiscent, could be is obviously parietal ovules, no the be 3-valved, instead of 2-valved in the other genera. In Stemona the seed 'aril' consisting of (1964), error in a (1959), dangles account studying only hollow vesicular also obviously mistaking funicle and it is studying by generally Krause described (1930: of Stemona, has shown that this is dry material in body, bulging and the irregular dried material, herbarium. figured a seed having obviously a the Actually, in outline. In as an fig. 30D). Swamy passing, serious aril is a Hutchinson of Stemona with the aril, the latter for 'attached abortive ovules'. Unfortunately Tomlinson & Ayensu Croomia, which they declare Japanese species which long on a 'tuft of hairs'. Thus it is pictured accurate very caused by complex a certainly Fortunately I as being of Croomia Ohwi reminds had one of the (1968: 273) 'filamentous' (1965: 279) situation collection with a in ripe did not against calls it a describe 'tuft of Stemona, by or figure the aril in vesicular in Stemona. the fleshy use fruit of C. japonica setose of the For the appendages' term 'fleshy . as fleshy, In roots. P. sumatrana. the fruit is inferior and the still for dehiscence, obstacle in the ones there the excellent on 2-valved capsule. So it is in Croomia, that the fruit is From large number of thickened, a Stemonaceae. confirmed this for the plant almost Whether it is superior, pericarp In the Sumatran Croomia, a (1965) the as the rely to known; in Stichoneuron fruit and seed Stemona the fruit is by of genera. in the other genera. collected. The latter is anyway much thickened Stichoneuron and in Stemona subterranean stolons was have is thick, from long, thick roots, but it is many not complete plants in other root-system, and emitting very In the is also found situation we the present rhizome attached. These Stemona. the recently by Meijer, stolons; same. for rhizome with erect creeping a was Torr. I found in the Leiden Herbarium japonica Miq. short rhizome a produced sympodially mode is also a (1968: pauciflora continue the rhizome. to short rhizome with short a is available not growth In Stichoneuron pictured observes one a Tomlinson & Ayensu — stem the horizontal part long the situation is the (BKF32037) collected with roots, without spindle-shaped more or he (1888); Stemona pictures trace In Croomia provided all mentioned by Ohwi Hooker which few specimens in the herbarium with specimens, 1982 1, scale-leaf, leaving another bud mostly incomplete. are three rather No. of the root-system in Croomia herbarium material I doubt whether this There 28, Stemonaceae. ample description horizontal long a an VOL. Miq. ( Hatusima 19946, C. G. from the Ryukyu matching arillar G. J. and Islands) structures Steenis: van to Pentastemona satisfaction my In the Sumatran plant the seed is of the and Croomia, that matching exactly with ellipsoid, contained and shape same 41 (1964: fig. & is occurrence excellent argument for an Of Stichoneuron the fruit and seed the herbarium (as well flowers), as seed in present some are diagnosis when runs follows: Fruit as 1-seeded 11 c. articulation of the Funicle flimsy to up 3 mm, c. made (21-1-1947) 5-6 by very the the apex caudate for and wide-celled arillar, free, halfway (c. 3-4 ridges appearing almost This confirms Stemonaceae, the as and uniformity the a seed c. 16 stalk 4 mm, the very thin. Pericarp the base of the seed long. Fig. mm in structure all four 2e-f. genera of of their insertion, basal in Stemona and Croomia, irrespective by above sharply ridged lengthwise, the in the herbarium, 5-7 of number 5-6 narrow-lanceolate, very c. broad-ellipsoid, wings narrow distinct the seed with to in rare Leiden. In second when 2-seeded remains few millimeters. a at boiled material the equal appendages surrounding Seed long). mm ± From description. supported by tepal apex close at winged, detailed glabrous, spindle-shaped, mm, at pedicel, a extremely fruits, respectively Ridley 14582, Corner SF 20242 (in spirit, unlocalized), and SF 30503. Of Holttum has and This (Fig. le). the eight sheets on the Singapore Herbarium there were three of the 15 with size a structure bulging Croomia. and undescribed, and they being none with in Stemona, with Stemona affinity were with exactly that in Stemona provided 42) the hollow, but less coralloid and almost exceeding inflated, seeds two structure as At its base it is lengthwise ridges. pictured by Swamy this for Stemona. figured by Swamy as 155 (Stemonaceae) in parietal Pentastemona, and apical in Stichoneuron. On of the above account I have Sumatran plant, of the the family Climbers short, or erect, curved with leafy, or lateral stems nerves a tepals sessile, a raphide and in Stichoneuron or 5-merous with 5 whorl, free free or enlarged apically sulcate with with with a on or or a connate shallow stem and connected an by dots, occurring on basal, anatropous, with or 2 new genus circumscription with scale-leaves, with numerous also or Tepals persistent, inside a narrow, staminal tube, surface. many, either sheathing intramarginal vein, of in not at on pedicelled, or epitepalous, a the on a connective filament apex or 2-valved in 3 or or mono- inferior, parietal (? always). 4 or sometimes Pollen inaperturate from the capsule, 2-merous imbricate, 4-5. Stamens shallow ring. Anthers pendent In- the leaves base. Inflorescences Ovary superior, semi-inferior, integuments. Fruit parenchy- (probably cincinnate) pauci- valvate latrorse. a petiole. other organs. Pentastemona connate in in or ascending and crossbar veins; sometimes nodes and internodes. Flowers tepals, whether reticulate or features of the distinct (sometimes horizontal) scaly a subrosulate leaves widened between the loculi, granular a of the provided rarely solitary flowers, mostly 1-celled. Ovules either few or or mostly distichous, with florous bracteate inflorescences. 5 in developed stem, trabeculately and/or peculiar represents widening a stem, which is in the basal part rhizomatous the axillary, peduncled, or causing mostly absent, but present (as uniseriate hairs) fruit ribs, with 4 on styloids dumentum leafy of description that the latter follows: as herbs, eitherwith erect Leaves entire, ma discussion and concluded Stemonaceae. Pentastemona, family (cf. Krause, 1930) rhizome and or given definitely zones, Seeds on a 156 BLUMEA 2. Venation Fig. Franch. & egregia (Schott) Fruit seed genera genera of 1, Stemonaceae, all japonica Miq.; of Stichoneuron funicular arillar of Stemonaceae: and two the four Croomia No. c. 28, 1982 x Stichoneuron 2/3. — a. Stemona caudatum sessilifolia (Miq.) d. Ridl.; Pentastemona Steen. and seed with types in b. Sav.; VOL. common with lobes, Ste = caudatum 8 x Stemona, Pentastemona ; Ridl. ( Corner with — SF five e. Two 30503)-, fruits, g. 1- and Scheme unique characters, similar ratios for Cr Croomia, = 2-seeded, of affinities common two Sti = f. ribbed 4; x the among with four Croomia, Stichoneuron, and Pe = Pentastemona. short or long funicle, broad-ellipsoid, inflated, bulging Stemonaceae, 274), who knew assemblage. with this grooved coralloid or lobed hollow aril; only a natural or family. three genera, stated that 'It is Similarities between limited evidence it is the genera clear ribbed, that are we at the base with endosperm copious; embryo few are — not Tomlinson evident that but not & dealing form many', with very fleshy, small. Ayensu (1968: they differences a a a natural and 'Even homogeneous C. This assemblage.' also I always genera have in based mostly can the van Steenis: on only partly Pentastemona the characters and weighing The conclusion anatomy and vegetative endorse their of matter a common. Croomia and Stichoneuron opinion: , while all four genera share characteristic aril. that taxonomy, not genetically, To me taxonomic well apical, a superior ovary in There is a at the of the weight, or unique ovaries several duced roots connective basal flowers; Shares: with to parietal Moraceae distinguish do not hold, e.g. inferior ovary an is, is, for all four in the Leguminous genus Archidendron. course, spindle-shaped thickened; flagellate-pro- appendage; long funicles; very ratio pro large placentation. Croomia basal often stemona this a in example: mostly scandent; Unique: though even characters sometimes in the with essential thesis structure to example that of to structure between the four genera, each of which, of affinity features. For was very similar in varies from basal placentation level is used for family important one distinct reticulate in addition Stemona: illustrative Whereas the peculiar seed family what Ayensu similar similar seed absolute no carry & are extremely the Rubiaceous genus Mastixiodendron and Theaceous genus Anneslea, possesses characters exactly matching, feature which and Urticaceae. Even within a situation appears comprehensible. genera of Stemonaceae, and the are surprisingly a considering of Tomlinson morphology. habit and the venation and gross anatomy of the leaves Pentastemona 157 (Stemonaceae) be said of many families, however, Olacaceae. And what does e.g. can mean? It is 'homogeneous' character-set G. G. J. curved nerves ovules numerous and and dehiscent the seeds; with Penta- fruit; shallow staminal tube. Unique: Croomia: a horizontal not yet Shares: rhizome reported with Stichoneuron the inflorescence, and the basal Stichoneuron: Shares: reticulate curved valvate Unique: the sheathing genera habit; few, exine and thick ovules of the structure dehiscent dense, apically unlikely not the short pendent (subterranean bracts but pollen; crowded Pentastemona lateral broad in nerves separated by a Croomia the simple inflorescence; ovules ture of the 5-merous sile; the and connective; the with simple Stemona the fruit. raceme lobes, appressed lanceolate stolons occur). apical placentation, 5-6 free, to filaments; with pedicels spirally arranged; with Unique: the nerves tepals; with other setaceous, articulate few Pentastemona: in to lower part presence the with aril stiff, of c. half of seed. above the base; of uniseriate habit;short thick seeds; apical placentation; erect, consisting reticulate thecae hairs; with filaments; exine struc- pollen. flowers; mostly leaf-base sheathing; fruit, winged in compound inflorescences; no leafy stem proper; ovary P. sumatrana; ovules in 3 anthers inferior, parietal zones. ses- as is Pollen inaperturate. Shares: with Stichoneuron by connective; and seeds; the suprabasal uniseriate hairs; stamens inserted on lateral with a nerves; Stemona shallow the thecae staminal Counting the characters mentioned the diagram (Fig. 2g) illustrates the these characters, unique separated numerous ring-like ovules tube. occurrence and shared. From this it appears that Stemona, and even more of so Pentastemona, stand apart from the Croomia/Stichoneuron pair. And furthermore, that Stemona and especially by pollen morphology. Pentastemona have the most unique characters. This is confirmed 158 BLUMEA —VOL. Nakai with (1937) inflate to tendency Pentastemona, I have no characters would hold. I feel not doubt that this anatomical celled ovary, and the all four genera, whatever least of Affinity and sense. this is have the with Liliaceae but then 3- regular merous small family (1960), but wise who the course in an propose exaggeration, conclusion. the is accepted, though affinity of the the origin of the most a of Stemonaceae a 'to of Dioscoreaceae', features of the striking paragraph in in possibly with Dioscoreaceae neighbourhood One affinities This remains still obscure. As suggested general of subject favours also grounds Ayensu of 5-merous cq. 6-merous regular 3-merous, represented by to affinity Proto-Liliales in vague, The — by Ayensu (1968: 164). of Burkill occurrence Monocots occur, a one- exactly matching should be devoted to of 5-merousness in Monocots. occurrence in view from the seems a rather The viz., the the anatropous ovules, seed structure, peculiar genus Pentastemona are the 5-merous flowers and new the the On anatomical also been which the still find this in such Stemonaceae. traditional systems, remote I the above as useful. not Stemonaceae has been treated the family rank, to may differ in placentation. One could of they three tribes for the four genera, but at in the has small the four genera together, vegetative characters, striking similarity Croomial/ pair If he had known apical placentation. hold the characters which impressed by more morphological and the raise that the ground then also raised was to proposed the on anthers and flowers, short filaments, unappendaged 1982 1, ranks family rank, Croomiaceae, to pair Stichoneuron his No. 28, the flowers staminode, a flowers bisymmetrical are as is found 6-merous flowers. or flowers in and in anther is either reduced Zingiberaceae, Lowiaceae, etc., Besides, quite some — In Flowers with 5 anthers prevail. one Monocots. Monocots have flowers. Therefore, Pentastemona with its 5-merous flower is or but this occurs regular an quite 2- or 4- exception the rule. Mr. with 4 J. Bogner or 6 tepals, to me wrote tepals. This genus belongs 632) that on the Another instance 3- mentioned to the Urospatha (Araceae)I flowers Araceae tribe Lasieae, for which Hutchinson or to is found in less 6-partite, have 5 Sciaphila often 6 segments. to females tepals are also usually rarely 4- or occur. of the Triuridaceae, 4-5-partite. Bth.: the 6-merous, but he The plate The occur (1959: especially in was the Franch., where flowers may vary pictured such 615, fig. 381). a 5-merous In flower in the perianth of S. wrote copied by section from Paris 4- is are 3: 313, t. that 5-merous female flowers with 5 occurs i Euthyria to (3, Bl. 6-merous, and also the Hutchinson (1959: 547, fig. 348). in the genus Paris Franch. subsection 5-merous. Krause polyphylla nana are 4- or males similar instance of occasional 5-merous flowers Parideae), where female flowers Martius described in Flora Brasiliensis 116, ii) the flowers of Sciaphila albescens tribe of also mentions that the ovary is 4—5-locular. usually A spadix but that between these he had also observed occasional flowers with 5 J. Sm. and the Leiden Herbarium I found the flowers to so (1930: did vary (Liliaceae, Submuticae 374, fig. Hutchinson in this 152F) (1959: species from G. C. G. J. van 3-4-5-6-7-8-merous,without genus. Even in but geographic a collection one Steenis: specimens Also in the genus Trillium of the of merousness monographic the of the study North American of variations and noted occurrence cases commented, however, that all of them were single merousness and The situation that they were similar seems In and all only the occasional flowers in Anatomy. the — Dr. egregia (Meijer3214): crystals cell epidermis abundant walls related concluded Stemonaceae to and Meijer that the also that crystals in the leaves in styloids and were raphides conglomerates ± undefined In crystals, Pollen examined densely S. by J. covered by in Ridl. the 5-merous. He 3-merous where populations. sometimes a , a of range single extremely rarely, greater variability. I 5-merous, can only As conclude which is normally regular 5-merous. on the anatomy of straight; stomatal minute Also de to irregularly Pentastemona complex tetracytic; druses Wilde-Duyfjes tetracytic minute of styloids stomata conjunction Stemona. are throughout cyclocytic; the anticlinal 18532): crystals shaped, solitary and is raphides different. He with those He related to as crystals. suggestive checked also of the in Pentastemona and the confirmed raphide raphide Muller minute and Baas needle-shaped + that in Croomia the leaf found f. in the leaves diamond-shaped bundles but certainly membranaceum Hk. but also 10082) (Kerr ('clustered morphology. Dr. in his to (no styloids). Stichoneuron caudatum absent. in in 1980 complex as the of shaped crystals') to me combination but of crystalline in the 3214. occurrence only contains raphides not specimens which deviated in Tulipa are (de Wilde & occurrence In species raphides. stomatal raphides, Dioscorea, or or of Monocots reported sumatrana straight; occurs 69-83) were found in Monocots, but are specimens, genus styloids and styloids Doubtlessly Baas P. Baas Pentastemona mesophyll. odd anticlinal epidermis cell walls abundant as flowers to first is occurs. Pentastemona two seems the that it tentatively confined or in the Japan. large appendix a large, normally to, for example, that in 5-merous conclusion, regular variability to (1917: where flowers individual often found amidst individual with 2-merous flowers Himalaya devoted species, number of a the 3-merous. Gates usually are merousness. from range This tribe of the Liliaceae variation same which flowers, vary in may wide its 159 (Stemonaceae) of the 4-merousness, which is usual preponderance throughout occurs Pentastemona ( Koelz 5835) not identical, he found the + irregular irregularly while styloids same rather bundles. — found granules. The pollen to be of both inaperturate Similar pollen species with grains a of Pentastemona was very thin exine which is occur in Araceae-Philoden- droideae. In contrast, structure and S. J. the pollen of Stemona, Croomia and Stichoneuron is monosulcate. The fine of the exine of Stemona australiana tuberosa Lour, J. Smith Croomia it is is comparable characterized by to Wright, S. japonica (Bl.) Franch. & Sav., that of Pentastemona, but of Stemona the presence of a thin layer gloriosa of columellae. and Stichoneuron clearly differ from both Stemona and Pentastemona in their reticulate exine structure. BLUMEA VOL. 28, 1982 1, No. 160 ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE absent, leaves crowded stem Proper leafy la. ciliate sheathing petioles Proper leafy b. 2a. by stem Roots stem, with inserted in 3 parietal Pentastemona zones not winged usually spindle-shaped thickened. Anthers with connective. Ovules produced rhizomatous erect present. Flowers 2-4-merous. Fruit superior, scandent. Usually short, a uniseriate hairs. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit inferior, coarse Ovules and seeds many, winged. on GENERA numerous, basal. Seeds funicle. long on Leaves vinerved b. Small cur- Stemona herbs with erect without 2 .... flagellate a leafy Roots stem. short on appendage, thick thickened. spindle-shaped not filaments. Ovules and seeds Anthers few, apically inserted 3a. 3 Leaves curvinerved. Flowers if articulated Anther-cells pedicels. than more spaced, one not parallel, separated not nodding, few, by thick a on stiff, connective Croomia b. Leaves with lateral suprabasal stiff, articulated pedicels erect, rated by Flowers nerves. at apex of Caulis brevis, rectus, robustis foliis rhizomatosus, ciliata; lamina ovalis, marginem apicemque parallelis trabeculatis ornatum. in 3 5 confluentia. Hypanthium 5 locum embryo insertionis minutus. Note: though a — It is T y p u s: ellipsoidea, a racemo the It is, of specimens course, are not small and not in 5-meri, subglobosae, arcuatis densis ad racemos specie typica breviter thecis 2 parallelis zonis hippocrepiformi formatis, tribus alis 3 brevia in eorum 10 (vel foliis pedicellati (et fructus) inferum, 1-loculare, vesiculari basi ovula in zonis cum conicum stylum transgredientibus longitudinalibus instructo. ipsis membranaceis funiculus brevis, Endospermium arillo magnum; Steen new that omnibus annularis, sub-5-lobatus, longitudinalibus ornata; remarkable impossible 2-3 ultimo breviter sumatrana pilisque imbricata, persistentia, punctis genus is found in Sumatra, large island, is manifestly poorer in endemic genera and Borneo. Flores antherae specie typica lobato petiolata, numerosis (vel venis) bracteato. Ovarium costulis Pentastemona that noteworthy sepa- pinnatis 3-4-paribus staminum modo Folia instructa 3-5-paribus, nervis connata, primariis instructum, in nervis ultro alternantibus; stigmata irregulariter magno, Tubus obtectus. margine hyalina bisexuales, regulariter numerosis inferus, pericarpio membranaceo, late se dispositi, instructus; visibilibus vasculis on liberis; mesophyllum punctis rhaphidum libera vel basi conspicuo separatis. ovulis inter haud densos obsita. sessilibus bene numerosa, ultro elongato, sat Flores minus numerosis lata spatha intramarginali, venularum ternos longitudinalibus brevibus instructo. Semina areas; 3 epitepalis longitudinalibus, stigmatosis Fructus ad prolifero. et latrorsis connectivo parietalibus usque membranacea, plus staminibus lateralibus lobis solitarios instructo sicco rhaphidum nervisque intus divergent, 1. Fig. — ad laminae mediam usque ascendentibus, conjunctis, apicibus terminales reductis Tepala 5, basi nervo Inflorescentia axillaris, pedunculo cincinnos?) paucis laminae nov. gen. radicibusque probabiliter spiraliter aggregata, uniseriatis raceme a Stichoneuron paullo suprabasalibus aliisque superioribus ad in thick connective a sparsa, Anther-cells peduncle. PENTASTEMONA Steen., integra, crowded numerous, as compared which, with Malaya Pentastemona may be found in the latter conspicuous, and may have escaped the attention of collectors. The beautiful new the seed, viz. that it collection of seems in dried condition escape to Meijer of possess a P. egregia showed a remarkable character of distinct, proportionally thick sarcotesta, which will observation. It prevails in the family; field observations would be must give interesting the solution. to A know whether peculiarity is this further C. G. the of 5 rather occurrence staminal G. J. This ring. Stef.nis: Pentastemona van in the deep pouches observed in both was KEY TO THE Flowers in branched at racemes, 6-9 fresh, (in 5-5.5 emarginate cm, when dried, sicco in connate a cm lata, interdum paribus; petioli subtus 10-30 Inflorescentiae multinervosis 2-5 2-3 articulati, longitudinalibus in mm tenuiter 8-10 southern SUMATRA. lowland rain sicco Alas diam. small stream, a dorso 1 green, basalt young bracts Semina 18532 t genus, e s: of the J. J. m Alas (holo Lands, c. late on rich soil ad cm ovata vel longa, 6-9 Pedunculi 10-30 nervis 2.5 c. haud 20, sessilia, B. 1 c. iso in A, BO, K). 3° N, 97°50' E, E. de in a very 3 c. longa, G. Leuser Nature rock, vivo, altum, alls mm mm 50 km south of Kota basalt in Pedicelli 10 mm costulis irregulariter E. L, c. obsiti. dehiscens, magno de Wilde & 1-nerviae, longitudinalibus, disperse ut videtur arillo foliis apice longi, cm uniseriatis cylindricum, c. interdum oblongo-lanceolatae, in over 4-5- densius marginem spathae robustis basi O. tributary Bengkong R., alt., membranacea, late praebentes, pilis ornata, J. fringed egregia lobato Wilde-Duyfjes Reserve, Alas Tjane, in primary shaded damp place ~ O. de Wilde & white. Same B. place, E. E. de Wilde-Duyfjes 18695, phnt jiiicy, bright about 1 km further on, herb, bracts green, flowers from the inflorescences, on damp shaded slope, 5-merous, tepals white, W. J. J. O. de Wilde & anthers B. E. among yellow, E. de often Wilde- (BO, L, US). 1 have chosen Pentastemona because the material, specimens 2-3 longae. mm J. petiole 1. Fig. cordata, 9—13(—16) bracteae ellipsoidea W. Typus : the long, halfway mm suprabasalibus) 3-4-, superioribus seriiformis, subgranulosis by papyraceous 10 strong ribs, — statu sicco basi 7-9 2. P. nov. disperse, distanter Fructus North Sumatra 50-125 corolla green plants developed N o when green, rocks, juicy Duyfjes with oblong, instructa, mesophyllo punctis rhaphidum et Ovarium longa. membranaceo. Lands, c. 6-9 angulos latis. connate Leaves sheath of 11-13 c. cm. glabrous, the only sp. racemulos pilosae, ad mm mm oleosum.— W. Folia instructae; ~ along 3-5 c. apex, Fruit acuminata, uniseriatis robustis plani, ornata, 3 the mouth forest at altus. cm breviter longae, apice cm North: southern near Steen., uniseriatis obscurioribus albido; endospermium valley, recurved. mm, (basalibus cm 1-4 membranaceis longitudinalibus River cystoliths; longi. Tepala obovato-oblonga, albida, albidis altus, pericarpio , at Tepals thick, pilis nervos mediano nervo punctis rhaphidum 18695 acuminate inferioribus longi, pilis cm videtur, 3-4-angulati, haud well sumatrana caulis 5-10 ad nervis ornato, 6-20 membranaceae, in ut long; peduncle mm cm. 9 by subinaequilateralibus, glabra, supra dispersis obsitis. 6 Pentastemona aquifero-membranacea; tenuibus reductis lobes long, thin, oblong, often antler-like branched, hair-like emergences 1. Planta Petiole 4-15 thick tube, by beneath and petioles nerves mm in the axil of uninerved, sessile, racemes, dotted with punctate hairs. 3 9-13 apex, very watery when at 1. P. sumatrana rather base, at Tepals cm. pauciflorous 10-30 cm. Leaves c. wings bracts 5-10 scarious) densely uniseriate by short, elliptica, they represent apical, spaced, spaced oblong cystoliths; condensed pauciflorous of 2-3 leaves; peduncle base, very short-acuminate at entire filmy, foliaceous with and the base style that likely seems SPECIES consisting reduced uniseriate hairs. Petiole 6-20 Fruit with Flowers in 1. cordate 2-5 when dried, with filmy spaced at base. inflorescences, often with apex distinctly cm, with and it structures. nectarial 1. between the receptacle species 161 (Stemonaceae) the fruiting though only inflorescences are sumatrana as crowned inflorescences sag, their the type of this available in the dried tips by state, reduced leaves, may form new is new, remarkable complete. In some resembling proliferation; plants in reaching the soil. A BLUMEA 162 similar proliferation is shown in the cf. Fl. I, 5: 326, fig. 5. The Males. missed possibly in P. sumatrana, VOL. 1982 1, Echinodorus Malayan of occurrence of which No. 28, I had dried only (Alismataceae), Steen. ridleyi observed in a sarcotesta material. P. egregia This calls I have for further field observation. 2. Cryptocoryne egregia Schott, Stem 5-10 cm, in long many Ann. Miq., terete, thick, petioles, emitting comb. egregia (Schott) Steen., Pentastemona fleshy, roots; Mus. Bot. 1 c. glabrous, broad-ovate, the base shallowly 1 Lugd.-Bat. 0, with cm Fig. — 122. (1863) Leaves distinctly or acuminate, beneath densely dotted by punctate raphide dots, 7-17 by 5-10 the base 3-4 4-6(-15) 5 crowded, c. 6 little perianth, fringed c. halfway in 5 a the in appendage, the axil Pedicel c. at 3-4 apex. mm less separated. sometimes antler-like branched, thickish, 1.5 c. seed. Seeds almost globular, transparent sarcotesta Between the high. mm Ovules pouches (nectaries?). very c. through 1.5 by 1.25 mm, 1 which the ribbed 13 whitish, or very low when staminal the not 5 ring distinct all developing into with dry, glossy, shimmers are Style short, emergences. and the staminal endocarp fleshy shorter than with 10 firm ribs which mm, hair-like style mm yellow Ovary the three placentas, on many lanceolate, 1-nerved pale greenish to c. enlarging a lowest scarious, long, the lobes roundish, imbricate, Stamens 5, inside a or filiform, raphide-dotted, in the axil of fleshy, uniseri- one below the long mm at coarse flattened, with 1.5 c. acute- cm; nerves (in life); petiole fringed-hairy by uninerved, mm, 13 c. more in fruit of and tube, in all thecae high, fleshy, mm and somewhat long, setaceous above shallowly depressed margin hyaline cm wide, recurved mm short, by cylindric, 2-3 4-6 mm. by receptacle, the on sheath 3-4 c. all pairs, Perianth rather thick over long, 7-8 mm tube 5-12 long. mm connate a the glabrous, downwards curved Flowers 1-nerved bracts bract terete, Peduncle sometimes bract. long, cm hairs. ate up 3—4 pairs, higher (in sicco), papyraceous apex short emarginate, 2d. 1f, scarious bracts between the some of stolons. trace no nov. a rather thick than through; larger the vesicular arilloid. SUMATRA. canyon, locality, c. 600 W. West W. alt., Korlhals Central: Meijer's other two s.n., holotype Meijer 3214, flowering 22 April 1955, Meijer 17010, flowering and Notes: poor the m new collection has collections material, realizing that in fruiting some points have the 1981, so much that it will base of the midrib and its own was P. small roots, loose leaves obviously a means escape sent of ditto, Anei forest; same 898-88.409; in primary slope material liquid). in the description with sizes and occurrence observation. The had produced a with texture of a apex this new will exceed sarcotesta; when of the pedicel and small adventive shoot with vegetative reproduction; in P. sumatrana this observed in the inflorescence. egregia flowers in There is viz. some easily also amplified comparison those of herbarium material. A marked character is the dried it shrinks sub hill clarified many points and has shown how now I were. 8 Nov. L in on a is distinctly more different from P. simple a rather Pentaphragma, striking of the sumatrana, being inflorescence, the ribbed ovary, resemblance in habit with Campanulaceae or a much coarser, much larger plant genus, etc. completely Pentaphragmataceae, different and the two could be C. found for P. in the G. G. by the mostly asymmetric, which do not the raphid dots, can easily from the pairs midrib, valid especially be distinguished the reticulate sheathing petiole base, the absence of not the inflorescence, the stalked anthers, boragoid the celled ovary with axile the Pentaphragma leaf-base, the mostly toothed leaf margin, the lateral in decussate emerge 163 (Stemonaceae) forest bottom in loose earth, and this is cuneate venation, the trabeculate) Pentastemona because of the size of its flowers. egregia nerves Steenis: van on the habitat, same J. the (not white crystal thick, large, solid style, and non-ribbed seeds without arilloid appendage placentas, at apex of the funicle. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the effort to solve de Wilde for granting Further I extend the examining flowers and assistance detail fruit Dr. W. the Anei identity the me I of which species sincerely normal binocular from these forest and has jungle in data on privileged W. the extremely the first are place to thank due to Dr. in discovery W. J. van delicate acknowledge the microtome Heel, the examination I could which in material visited 1981, with sympathetic of the hardly flowers. Warm thanks hunting Rafflesiaceae O. North Sumatra. and to Dr. J. Muller for anatomy I Mr. J. (Singapore) for providing me with A. collecting complete precise new descriptions Dr. by in Thanks F. Maxwell Latin rambles succeeded defeated long so his J. I feel sumatrana ovary Meijer who, during canyon Most providing the I have suggestions. his remarkable to Dr. of P. of the a P. Baas in For and study to indebted Stichoneuron. of Dr. H. Sleumer. under Cryplocoryne egregia privilege most am of encouragement thanks to Dr. pollen. structure obtained my the for his Bogner (Munchcn) J. at have go to Prof. my of Pentastemona request egregia, a identification. REFERENCES AYENSU, E. S. 9 I. H. BURKILL, J. R. R. relation K. 15a: NAKAI, T. 56: 1917. A D. HUTCHINSON, KRAUSE, Bot. to Paris J. HOOKER, t. Comparative vegetative anatomy 1960. The Soc. Linn. GATES, 2, 1968. of the Stemonaceae. Bot. Gaz. 129: 160-165, fig. systematic study and Medeola. 1888. J. The evolution of Dioscoreaceae, of the North American Bot. membranaceum. families Stemonaceae. 224-227, fig. the Ann. Missouri Stichoneuron 1959. 1930. organography and the of the family yams. 319-412. of Gard. In: flowering plants. In: A. ENGLER & K. genus 4: HOOKER, 2. Trillium, its variability Icon. PI. 18: t. 1776. Monocotyledons: 657, fig. PRANTL, and its 43-87. Die natiirlichen E. Oxford. Pflanzenfamilien, ed 80. 1937. Croomia kiusiuna Makino. Iconographia plantarum Asiae Orientalis 2(3): 159-160, 60. OHWI, J. SMALL, J. 1965. K. Flora SWAMY, B. G. L. Lour. of Japan: 1933. Manual P. B., (Stemonaceae). J. & E. 14: S. Washington, Southeastern 1964. Observations Phytomorphology TOMLINSON, 279. of the on the floral 458-468, AYENSU. Am. Arbor. 49: 44 D.C. Flora: 309, fig. morphology and embryology of Stemona tuberosa fig. 1968. 260-275, Morphology 48 fig. and anatomy of Croomia pauciflora