Download Successful Power Monitoring is a Process 2009

Successful Power Monitoring is a Process
Michael Daish
Vice President Sales
Summit Technology Inc.
Power Monitoring is a Process
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Introduction
Why is monitoring a process?
What are the tasks?
Why studies go wrong
Choosing instrumentation
Data collection, retrieval, & analysis
Documentation & reports
Conclusions
Why is Power Monitoring a Process
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Power studies have a beginning, middle, and end.
Connecting and set-up, correctly, safely
Measurement over time, logging
Analysis and Reports – the “end game”
Monitor is central to the process – data collection tool
Software tools complete the process, analysis, report
What do we want to accomplish?
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Define the problem you want to solve, examples:
“I need to add more loads – will my panels and circuits support the
new additions?”
“We need to reduce energy consumption – I need to perform an
energy audit to evaluate energy savings opportunities.”
“How are the energy savings measures we have implemented
performing?”
“This transformer is very hot – is it overloaded, or are high harmonics
the cause?”
“My (machine/process) is operating erratically – is power quality the
cause?”
“When the HVAC (or motor or other equipment) turns on the breaker
trips.”
“I’m commissioning a UPS and need to verify it’s performance.”
“I want to perform regular diagnostics on our motors as part of a
predictive maintenance program.”
etc.
Power Study Tasks
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Log V & I
Power & Energy
Power Quality – sags/swells
Power Quality – high-speed transients
Harmonics
Frequency
Flicker
Frequency
High-speed 5%
Flicker 0.2%
transients
8%
Log V&I
Harmonics
34%
10%
Sag/swell
events 19%
Power & Energy
25%
Choosing Right Instrument
Frequency
High-speed 5%
Flicker 0.2%
transients
8%
Log V&I
Harmonics
34%
10%
Sag/swell
events 19%
Power & Energy
25%
Instrument Types and Trends
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Multiple vendors = choice difficult
Microelectronics progress = lower cost
More processing power
Lower cost memory = more storage
Variety of communications methods
Black-box, tablet, hand-held
PQ features added to permanently installed meters
Standards based or trouble-shooting
Instrument Types
Instrument Types
Instrument Types – Present
Hand-Held
Size
Tablet
Black-Box
smallest
medium
biggest
Weight
lowest
medium
heaviest
Display
LCD
LCD/Graphics
none
Ease of Connection
Good
Good
Good
Ease of set up
Easy
Less Easy
Easiest
Medium - High
Medium - High
Highest
Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Lowest
$1.5K - $5K
Medium
$4.5K - $ 9K
Highest
$10K - $15K
Breadth of Measurements
Software
Reports
Cost
Why power studies go wrong!
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Bad planning
Incorrect connections
Wrong set-up
Power cord or leads come off
Tampering
To Display or Not Display
• Unattended long-term monitoring and logging does not
require a display
For long monitoring periods no one is looking at the monitor
Analysis done off line
Use PC as display for analysis and reports
Good security – small size, less conspicuous
• Attended short-term monitoring sometimes requires
oscilloscope display
Witness conditions as they occur
Forcing events, changing of waveforms
Usually during commissioning and set-up of equipment
Poor security – video game
Safety Categories
Overvoltage Protection Categories
CAT II 600V
Overvoltage withstand capability
4000V
CAT III 300V
CAT III 600V
6000V
CAT IV 300V
CAT III 1000V
8000V
CAT IV 600V
CAT IV 1000V
12000V
Safety: Connecting Safely
• CAT IV rating - highest level of transient overvoltage (8,000
V over voltage at 600 Vrms service)
• Verifying connections by experience
• Indicator lights – go, no go
• Display – phasors, rotation, polarity, waveform
• CT’s self-identify
• Intelligence – SureStart checks all conditions
Waveform Capture
Spot Checks
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LCD Meter display
Labeled buttons
Instant readings
Connection Check List
Types of Errors that may be present
One, two, or three voltages not connected
One, two, or three currents not connected to source
One, two, or three currents not connected to measuring system
Two or three connections to the same voltage
Two or three connections to the same current
Voltages misidentified
Currents misidentified
One, two, or three current sensors backwards
Two voltage connections switched
Two current sensors switched
All voltages rotated one position left
All voltages rotated one position right
All currents rotated one position left
All currents rotated one position right
One phase not present
Two phases not present
Three phases not present
One phase offered as two or three phases
One phase shorted to neutral or ground
Two phases shorted to neutral or ground
Neutral not connected to ground
Non-standard voltage due to improper loading
Non-standard voltage due to power system problem
Non-standard frequency due to power system problem
Non-standard phase shift between phases due to power system problem
Combinations of the above listed errors
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SureStart For Successful Studies
• Algorithms check all voltage and current connections
• Advises user of connection errors, setup
SafeConnect
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™
Monitor power without exposure to high
voltages
No need to wear special gloves, eyeprotection, or flame-retardant clothing.
No need to power down.
No need to put up protective barriers or
warnings.
Quick setup and teardown of monitoring
sessions on live power.
No need to remove panels.
No need to deal with hooking up current
probes in tight or inaccessible spaces.
Periodic maintenance measurements.
No switched phases, reversed probes,
or dead channels.
Permanent connections means the data
is right when you return 1 month later.
“The Mighty Hand-Held”
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Power Logger
Power and Energy Analyzer
Power Quality and Harmonics
Motor Diagnostics
PS250 PS2500 PS3000 PS3500 PS4000 PS4500
“The Mighty Hand-Held”
Frequency
High-speed 5%
transients
8%
Harmonics
10%
Log V&I
34%
Sag/swell
events 19%
Power & Energy
25%
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Power Logger
Harmonics optional
“The Mighty Hand-Held”
Frequency
High-speed 5%
transients
8%
Harmonics
10%
Log V&I
34%
Sag/swell
events 19%
Power & Energy
25%
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Power Logger
Power and Energy Analyzer
“The Mighty Hand-Held”
Frequency
High-speed 5%
transients
8%
Harmonics
10%
Log V&I
34%
Sag/swell
events 19%
Power & Energy
25%
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Power Logger
Power and Energy Analyzer
Power Quality and Harmonics
Data Retrieval Methods
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Serial cable RS 232
Ethernet via serial-to-Ethernet converter
USB via serial-to-USB converter
Wireless - Bluetooth
SD Memory card (256KB – 2 GB)
Log V and I
Log Tabular Data – Export to Excel
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* Start
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* Date
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7/18/2002
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7/18/2002
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7/18/2002
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7/18/2002
Start
Wb
Freq
Time
Avg
Avg
11:33:57
2995
60
11:33:58
3222
59.9
11:33:59
3050
60
11:34:00
3139
60
11:34:01
3115
60
11:34:02
3173
60
11:34:03
3226
59.9
11:34:04
3178
60
11:34:05
2996
60
11:34:06
2987
59.9
11:34:07
3087
60
11:34:08
3007
60
11:34:09
3185
59.9
11:34:10
3256
60.1
Van
Wc
Vbn
VAa
Vcn
VAb
Ia
VAc
Ib
PFa
Ic
PFb
Wa
PFc
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
Avg
270.5
2980
268.2
6346.4
270.3
6080
23.448
6401.6
22.664
0.45
23.672
0.49
2835
0.47
270.7
3238
268.2
6675.2
270.1
6204
24.656
6566.4
23.128
0.51
24.32
0.52
3433
0.49
270.3
3235
268
6668.8
270.5
6139.2
24.688
6553.6
22.904
0.52
24.232
0.5
3473
0.49
270.7
3097
268.1
6630.4
270.7
6184
24.504
6505.6
23.064
0.5
24.032
0.51
3339
0.48
270.5
2939
268
6566.4
269.9
6154.4
24.28
6433.6
22.96
0.49
23.832
0.51
3217
0.46
270.4
3062
268.1
6611.2
269.9
6197.6
24.456
6486.4
23.112
0.51
24.024
0.51
3346
0.47
270.8
3019
267.9
6649.6
270.5
6230.4
24.544
6492
23.248
0.51
24
0.52
3365
0.47
270.4
3033
268.4
6700.8
270.7
6272
24.776
6536
23.36
0.51
24.136
0.51
3408
0.46
270.7
3146
268.6
6668.8
270.8
6187.2
24.624
6553.6
23.032
0.51
24.2
0.48
3403
0.48
270.4
3156
268.2
6643.2
269.9
6144
24.56
6529.6
22.904
0.5
24.184
0.49
3351
0.48
269.6
3033
267.5
6566.4
269.9
6114.4
24.352
6514.4
22.856
0.5
24.136
0.5
3262
0.47
270.3
2890
267.3
6518.4
269.9
6028
24.112
6385.6
22.544
0.49
23.656
0.5
3212
0.45
270.2
2900
268.3
6604.8
270.7
6228.8
24.448
6449.6
23.208
0.5
23.816
0.51
3277
0.45
271.1
3013
268.5
6617.6
271
6285.6
24.416
6503.2
23.4
0.5
23.992
0.52
3289
0.46
Power and Energy
KWh
Harmonics
Harmonics
RMS Events Sags/Swells
Waveform Sags/Swells
RMS Events Current Inrush
High-Speed Transients
High voltage probes
• High voltage probes for 5KV or 15 KV
Motor Current Signature Analysis
• Evaluate motors while running
• Rotor/armature health
• Stator mechanical/electrical health
• Field coil faults
• Bearing health
• Eccentricity
• Loose connection problems
• Induction, synchronous, DC, wound rotor and induction with VFD type motors.
Reports and Documentation
• The “end game”!
• Print individual graphs
• Highlight peaks and behavior
• Tabulate results – minimums, maximums, and averages
• Filter results
• Edit text and graphs
• Wizard to compare two results surveys – “before and after!”
• Save as pdf, doc etc.
Reports and Documentation
Add labels to draw attention to behavior
Reports and Documentation
Tables and graphs compiled automatically
Reports and Documentation
Filter report
Reports and Documentation
Comparing two studies
Reports and Documentation
Comparing two studies
Safety: NFPA 70E Arc Flash Hazards
CAT IV and Bluetooth for Safety
Safety: Remote PDA Operation
Safety: Leaving monitor behind unattended
Conclusion
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Power monitoring is a process
Connect correctly and safely
V & I data logging most common study
Energy analyzer addresses 60% of studies
Sags/swells are most common PQ problem
Harmonics and high-speed transients less significant
Display need depends on attended/unattended operation
New hand-held analyzers pack high performance
Options for high voltage, high freq noise, motor diagnostics
Report writer completes the job
NFPA 70E has changed electrical maintenance & testing
Bluetooth for remote control by PC or PDA