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UNIT 5
CLEVER
CAN – COULD – WILL BE ABLE TO
MUST – HAVE TO
QUESTIONS WITH HOW
SUPERLATIVE and COMPARATIVE
adjectives
Modal verbs
You must learn their meaning and you will know
how to use them
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CAN PODER (only present)
COULD PODER (only past)
BE ABLE TO + INFINITIVE SER CAPAZ DE / PODER
(all tenses)
MAY/MIGHT PUEDE QUE
MUST DEBER
HAVE TO TENER QUE …
SHOULD /OUGHT TO DEBERIA…(advice)
Modal verbs
• Rules
– They are followed by a verb in the base form
There is one exception within these rules
• I can run very fast
HAVE TO + INFINITIVE
– They are the same for all the pronouns
• She/they/I/ you could make it better
– They do not need auxiliars. They take direct
negative and question forms
• You can’t smoke here / Can you repeat that?
– They never combine with another modal verbs
• You can’t must read**
Modal verbs
• Rules (HAVE TO + INFINITIVE )
They are followed by a verb in the base form
I have
to run very fast if I wat to pass the test
You have to conjugate the tense
the same for all the pronouns
Have /They
has + are
infinitive
She/they/I/ you could make it better
I have
to work hard everyday / she has to study more
You
They
have
dotonot
useneed
the auxiliars
auxiliars.DO
They
/ DOES
take direct
+Havenegative
+ infinitive
and question forms
Youhave
can’ttosmoke
/ Can you repeat
that?
Do you
workhere
on Sunday?/
Does she
have to clean her room everyday?
They never combine with another modal verbs
You have to must read**
Can, could and will be able to
CAN / COULD / BE ABLE TO
• First thing you mut know is that
– CAN is used in the present tense
I can speak three languages
– COULD is used in the past tense
I could touch my nose with my tongue
when I was six
– BE ABLE TO is a tense wich must be conjugated.
I will be able to speak French in two years
• I can speak three languages
• I could touch my nose with my tongue when I
was six
• I will be able to speak French in two years
These 3 examples talk about the ability of doing
something either in the past, future or the
present tense.
• You can go out tonight because you have
finished your homework
• They couldn’t pass the driving test yesterday
• I won’t be able to phone you tomorrow
because I will be flying to New York
They can be used to talk about something which
is or isn’t possible in a particular situation
Can and could
Can expresses ability
•I can speak English
•You can’t play the guitar
•Where can you play tennis?
Could expresses ability in the past tense. It is also like CAN but in
a formal way
•I could touch my nose with the tongue when I was six
•She couldn’t speak properly when she was 2 years old
•Could you pass me the salt, please?
• Will be able to expresses ability in the future. It can be
also used with any other tense
• I will be able to arrive on time at your party tomorrow
• She won’t be able to speak properly if she doesn’t
practice
• will you be able to pass your driving exam tomorrow?
Yes, I will
http://www.eslgamesplus.com/mustcant-modal-moonshot/
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=7710
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=3826
MUST and HAVE TO
Must expresses a strong obligation, or the lack of it (Mustn’t)
• I must wear an uniform in the school
• You mustn’t use the mobile phone in the school
• It is also used to show that we are certain
something is true
What would you say if I show you this picture?
“He must be her brother”
And if I show you this one?
“she must be her daughter”
And with this one?
“He can’t be her husband”
MUST and HAVE TO
Have to is used to express certainty,
necessity, and obligation
• The exam has to be corrected in the classrooom
• You don’t have to eat that if you don’t want to
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal2.htm
http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/exercises/eso4/4eso2007/musthaveto1.htm
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-notquiz.htm
• http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-ofobligation-exercise-1.html
• http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-ofability-exercise-1.html
• http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal2.ht
m
• http://www.english-grammarlessons.com/musthaveto/exercise7.swf
• http://www.better-english.com/easier/must2.htm
• http://www.better-english.com/easier/must2.htm
• http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/modals-must-have-toexercises.html
Questions with HOW
• How far is your house?
– It’s …… kilometres
• How strict is your mother?
– She is ….
• How often do you wash your hair?
– I wash my hair ….
• How many people are there in your class today?
– There are ….
• How much is the cinema today?
– It is…
• How tall is your partner?
– He/She is …
• How funny is your best friend?
– He/ She is …
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
• What can we find?
• SHORT ADJECTIVES
Short, small, heavy, pretty, big…
• LONG ADJECTIVES
Expensive, intelligent, amazing…
• IRREGULAR FORMS
• Good, bad, far…
SHORT ADJECTIVES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Long
Short
Fat
Thin
Happy
Pretty
Heavy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Big
Rare
Noisy
Small
Cheap
Light
Fast
LONG ADJECTIVE
•
•
•
•
Interesting
Handsome
Expensive
Intelligent
• Artistic
• Aggressive
• Peaceful
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
•Good
•Bad
•Far
It’s the fattest giraffe in
COMPARATIVE
ADJECTIVES
the world!!
compare two things
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Compare just one thing with the rest
of things
SHORT ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
We add ………adjective –er
–
–
–
–
Fast – faster
Wild – wilder
Long – longer
Quiet – quieter
• One syllable words ending with
VOWEL + CONSONANT .
– Big – bigger
– Fat – fatter
SUPERLATIVE
We add the .. adjective -est
Fast – the fastest
Wild – the wildest
Long – the longest
Quiet – the quietest
One syllable words ending with
VOWEL + CONSONANT
Big – the biggest
Fat – the fattest
• One sylable words ending with Y One sylable words ending with Y
– Heavy – heavier
– Pretty – prettier
– Happy - happier
We add ………..-ER THAN
Heavy – the heaviest
Pretty – the prettiest
Happy – the happiest
LONG ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
We add……. MORE THAN
– Artistic
• She is more artistic than me
– Intelligent
• Elephants are more intelligent
than dogs
– Interesting
• The film is more interesting
than the book
– Creative
• My brother is more creative
than his girlfriend
– Peaceful
• I’d like to live in a more
peaceful world
We add MORE ………..THAN
SUPERLATIVE
We add……. THE MOST
Artistic
She is the most artistic in the
family
Intelligent
Dolphins are the most
intelligent animals in the world
Interesting
This film is the most interesting
I´ve ever seen
Creative
My brother is the most creative
in the school
Peaceful
Which is the most peaceful
place in the world?
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=6088
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=6050
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=9341
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=1205
Unit 5 Vocabulary
•Do you know the name of any
composer, writer, painter…?
Picasso , Velazquez, Lorca, Cervantes,
Mozart, Vivaldi…
•Do you know if there are intelligent
animals??
Gorillas, monkeys, whales, dolphins,
elephants, pigs….
• Do you consider yourself a
clever person?
A clever person is
….. Smart, astute, intelligent….
• Why?
FAMOUS
SKILLPERSON
PERSON (noun)
Jane Austen
Paint
Painter
VenusWrite
Williams
Writer
Nelly Dance
Furtado
Dancer
Ferrán Adriá
Program
Kaká
Cook
José Carreras
Compose
William Shakeaspeare
Play
J.K Rowling
Win
Francisco Goya
Sing
Vincen Van Gogh
Henry Ford
Programmer
WHAT DO
YOU KNOW
ABOUT THEM
……
Cook
Composer
Player
Winner
Singer
ADJECTIVES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Artistic
Common
Intelligent
Peaceful
Wild
Heavy
Rare
Fast
Slow
Aggressive
Practical
Stupid
Light
Domesticated