* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Introduction to Islam
Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Sources of sharia wikipedia , lookup
Satanic Verses wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
Historicity of Muhammad wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamic–Jewish relations wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Somalia wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Muhammad and the Bible wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Indonesia wikipedia , lookup
Origin of Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Bangladesh wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
Islamic schools and branches wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
Islam is the third in succession of the three great monotheistic faiths born in the Middle East Judaism, Christianity, Islam Islam is the second largest religion in world 1.2 billion adherents There is an estimated 1,060,000 Muslims living in Canada Over 3.5% of population 2nd largest religion after Christianity Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world Islam: an Arabic word that means “submitting to God” and “peace” Muslim: a person who follows the teachings of Islam and “submits to God and finds peace in Him” All creation is Muslim Shahada: “There is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God” Allah: Arabic name for God Preferred over other names because it has no gender affiliation and does not have plurality 1. Belief in only One God He is defined as Eternal, Absolute, Infinite, Compassionate and Merciful, the sole Creator and Provider 2. Engage only in Righteous Actions In all areas: spiritual, intellectual and physical activity 3. All God’s creation is “Muslim” Only humans are given CHOICE to submit (be Muslim) or reject submission to God’s will 4. All children are born without sin and are Muslim 5. As they grow older, they make their religious CHOICE God created human beings with a body and soul The body is a temporal host for this life, whereas the soul is eternal The soul survives beyond death 6. Universality of the call All Muslims are brothers and equals without any distinction of class, race or tongue Superiority is only based on the greater fear of God and greater piety Shahada Profession of faith Salat Pray 5 times a day Zakah Annual fee given to poor and needy Sawm Fast during month of Ramadan Hajj Pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca) Islamic Creed/Testimony “There is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqtakH ks9Rk Prayer draws people closer to Allah, promotes discipline and purity Prayers in mosque at midday Friday Prayers are always said facing the holy city of Makkah Prayer mats have an arch pointing to Makkah Salat begins with washing Wudu Form of alms-giving and religious tax Religious obligation for all Muslims 2.5% of a Muslim's income and savings after they have taken care of their families Rich pay more than those with less money and very poor people pay nothing at all Month of Ramadan Purpose: to test the spirit, discipline the will and remind of the hungry and poor Numerous important events took place during Ramadan First revelation in 610 CE Flight to Mecca in 622 CE Victory in 624 CE Ramadan ends with Eid al-Fitr Period of spiritual and moral renewal Means "to intend a journey" Annual Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah Mandatory religious duty to be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey Outline the steps of the pilgrimage Where does each take place? What is the significance of each? Abraham was born approximately 2500 years before Muhammad In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur’an, Abraham had more than one son Makkah was founded at the site of a miraculous well that sprung up at the heels of Ishmael The Ka’bah was built or rebuilt by Abraham - a house for the one God The Black Stone is believed to have been sent by God as white, but was blackened by Adam’s sin Ka’bah- cube shaped building that was built by Abraham to honour God Viewed as Adam’s original place of worship Filled with idols as people in Arabia followed polytheism Muhammad received revelations that led to Islam and monotheism and removal of idols Site of hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca Muslims always face the Ka’bah in Mecca whenever they pray Qibla The circumambulation seven times around the Ka’bah in a counter-clockwise direction Significance: Muslims lives revolve around God; God is the center of our lives The Ka’bah is metaphorically called the house of God https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGukAoiGhZU Muslim place of worship Gather for prayers at midday on Friday (Muslim Holy Day) Holy book of Islam which means “recitation” Principle source of Muslim faith and practice Records the revealed word of God that came through Angel Gabriel to Muhammad over 23 years Muhammad dictated revelations to scribes and companions who memorized passages Divided into 114 suras (chapters); approximately 78,000 words in length “In the name of Allah, Most Gracious Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds. Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Master of the Day of Judgment. Thee do we worship and Thine aid we seek: Show us the straight way. The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace, those whose portion is not wrath and who go not astray.” Arabia was undeveloped, poor and violent Polytheistic The Ka’bah became a house of idols, draped in the pelts of sacrificial animals Nomads travelled to Mecca both as religious pilgrimage, but also to get water from the well Lack of gov’t led people to take the law into their own hands; revenge was typical Women had few rights in tribal culture 570 CE: Born in Makkah Viewed his country as corrupt 610 CE: Revelation from God through the angel Gabriel The Night of Power = 1st revelation Praying at the Ka’bah when Gabriel appeared to him with the Buraq – winged horse Toured heaven and hell with Gabriel and met all the previous prophets ▪ Abraham, Noah, Moses, Jesus Ascended to heaven from the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (connect to Judaism and Christianity) These words were written down as the Qur’an Preached against polytheism and immorality Gave the Pillars of Islam that were revealed by God Gained many enemies in Makkah Those who profited from travelers 622 CE: fled to the city of Medina – this event marks the beginning of Islamic history (hijra) 628 CE: Assembled an army of supporters, who marched on Makkah Believed religion and state should be combined Makkah accepted Islam and Muhammad reclaimed the Ka’bah for the one God Before his death, Muhammad instituted the hajj (pilgrimage) and emphasized Muslim equality Note significant events and places in Muhammad’s life What is his legacy? Seal of the Prophets Muhammad last in a line of 28 prophets who all preached the religion of Islam Prophets are regarded as most significant: Muhammad, Moses, Abraham and Noah Jesus is highly respected and considered as a great prophet by Muslims Qur’an re-affirms the miraculous birth and abilities of Jesus Muslims believe in the Second Coming of Jesus before the end of time All humans will be bodily resurrected and assembled for final accounting of deeds Soul will move on to afterlife Upon the Final Judgment = world will end and we will stand before God to confront our own life and actions Desire for purified soul= heaven eternal abode of beauty and majesty Disbelievers and impure soul= hell abode of great torment and anguish After Muhammad’s death, Islam spread quickly – for 2 main reasons: The message was simple and easy to teach At times, it was spread through conquest In the first 100 years, Islam spread as far east as India and west to Gibraltar People could not agree on who should spread Islam (descendants of Muhammad?) This led to the development of 2 groups Similarities Size/Distribution Beliefs Practices Leadership Other Interesting Facts Differences Sunni Muslims make up the vast majority of Muslims in the world (almost 90%) Shi’ite Muslims believe that the leaders should be blood relatives of Muhammad Today the main differences between the two groups are: Sunnis believe that individuals have a direct relationship with God (no need for a leader or mediator) Shi’ites put a much greater emphasis on human leadership Polygamy Jihad vs. Holy War Hijab : liberation or suppression Muhammad Cartoons: freedom of speech vs freedom of religion Appeal of Suicide Bombers Afghanistan's Taliban War on Islam Jihad does not mean “holy war” Literally, jihad means to strive, struggle and exert effort Concept includes struggle against evil inclinations within oneself, struggle to improve quality of life in society, struggle in the battlefield for self defense or fighting against tyranny or oppression There is no such thing as “holy war” in Islam, but it is the frequent repetition in the West that many people accept it as if it were a fact Like Christianity, Islam permits fighting in self defense, in defense of religion, or on the part of those who have been expelled forcibly from their homes Strict rules for combat, which includes prohibitions against harming civilians and against destroying crops, trees and livestock Qur’an Passages: “Fight in the cause of God against those who fight you, but do not transgress limits. God does not love transgressors” (Qur’an 2:190) “And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for God. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrongdoers” (Qur’an 2:193) According to Qur’an, men and women are equal before God Under Islamic law, women have the right to own property, receive an education and take part in community life Islamic rules for simple, modest and dignified dress applies to women and men equally In many Muslim countries there are cultural practices that are inconsistent and contrary to the authentic teachings of Islam