Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Subatomic Particles • Protons and electrons are the only particles that have a charge. • Protons and neutrons have essentially the same mass. • The mass of an electron is so small we ignore it. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Symbols of Elements Elements are symbolized by one or two letters. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Symbols of Elements All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, which is called the atomic number, Z. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Symbols of Elements The mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Isotopes • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different masses. • Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Atomic Mass Atomic and molecular masses can be measured with great accuracy using a mass spectrometer. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Average Mass • Because in the real world we use large amounts of atoms and molecules, we use average masses in calculations. • Average mass is calculated from the isotopes of an element weighted by their relative abundances. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.